Farmers, fishermen and foresters have more than 5 times the average odds, CDC says
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Farmers, fishermen and foresters have more than 5 times the average odds, CDC says
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Study identifies hot spots around the country
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Take steps to avoid injury while celebrating independence
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Tiny lens reshapes cornea to improve focus on small print, objects close to you
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Review finds these methods may aid those with the most common eating disorder in the U.S.
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Everyone experiences some forgetfulness, but the FDA explains when to be concerned
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Age, failing memory play a role, but gender might matter, too, study finds
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Women with BRCA1 may want to consider preventive removal of uterus, researcher says
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Illness-inducing germs such as E. coli can lurk in uncooked flour, agency warns
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Kids in study were given 3 doses, but manufacturer now says 4 doses needed
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Untreated, the condition also makes arteries age decades faster, study reports
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Heart disease tends to develop earlier than it does in women, researchers say
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Obesity affects 1 in 5 military members, study finds
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Federal Funding Could be Cut if Cancer Researchers Don’t Release Findings: Biden /div
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Brief film helped heart failure patients understand their options, study says
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Here are possible reasons why
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Make sure your child feels comfortable
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You may want to introduce your baby to good sleep habits from day one as a recent study has suggested that strong links exist between inadequate bedtime routine and childhood obesity.
The Penn State College of Medicine researchers are studying the use of an intervention to prevent rapid infant weight gain and childhood obesity. Through the INSIGHT study (Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Healthy Trajectories), the intervention was recently shown to cut in half the incidence of one-year-old infants being overweight. One component of the intervention promotes improving sleep-related behaviors for parents and their infants.
In the study, parents were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Both groups received educational materials and four home nurse visits. One group received obesity prevention education that covered sleep-related behaviors, bedtime routines, improving sleep duration and avoiding feeding and rocking to sleep. The other group received safety education about preventing sudden infant death syndrome.
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[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoseries&w=640&h=390]Infants of parents who learned bedtime techniques had more consistent bedtime routines, earlier bedtimes, better sleep-related behaviors and longer sleep during the night than the infants of parents who received the safety training.
The sleep-trained infants were more likely to self-soothe to sleep without being fed and were less likely to be fed back to sleep when they awoke overnight.
“A lot of parents try to keep their babies up longer, thinking that then they’ll sleep longer at night and they won’t wake up,” said lead author Ian M. Paul, adding “We found that’s not true. When parents keep babies up longer, they just sleep less. If you want your baby to sleep longer and better, put them to sleep earlier. Regardless of what time you put babies to sleep, they wake overnight. If we don’t set the expectation that they’re going to be picked up and fed, they learn to soothe themselves back to sleep.”
“It is important to establish good sleep habits early in life for health reasons, including obesity prevention, but also for the emotional health of parents and families,” Paul noted. “New parents of infants aren’t thinking about obesity. Our intervention is designed to prevent obesity without having to explicitly talk to parents about their child’s weight.”
The study is published in JAMA Pediatrics.
Sleeping either fewer or more hours than average may increase a man’s risk of developing diabetes, according to a new study.
More than 29 million people nationwide have diabetes, according to the Endocrine Society’s Endocrine Facts and Figures Report. During the last 50 years, the average self-reported sleep duration for individuals has decreased by 1.5 to 2 hours, according to senior author, Femke Rutters.
The prevalence of diabetes has doubled in the same time period.
“In a group of nearly 800 healthy people, we observed sex-specific relationships between sleep duration and glucose metabolism,” said Rutters. “In men, sleeping too much or too little was related to less responsiveness of the cells in the body to insulin, reducing glucose uptake and thus increasing the risk of developing diabetes in the future. In women, no such association was observed.”
The cross-sectional study examined the sleep duration and diabetes risk factors in 788 people. The researchers analyzed a subset of participants in the European Relationship between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease (EGIR-RISC) study, who were healthy adults ranging in age from 30 to 60 years old. Study participants were recruited from 19 study centers in 14 European countries.
The study found that men who slept the least and the most were more likely to have an impaired ability to process sugar compared to men who slept an average amount, about seven hours. The men at either end of the spectrum had higher blood sugar levels than men who got the average amount of sleep.
Women who slept less or more than average, however, were more responsive to the hormone insulin than women who slept the average amount. They also had enhanced function of beta cells – the cells in the pancreas that produce the hormone insulin. This suggests lost sleep may not put women at increased risk of developing diabetes.
“Even when you are healthy, sleeping too much or too little can have detrimental effects on your health,” Rutters said. “This research shows how important sleep is to a key aspect of health – glucose metabolism.”
The study appears in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
Count your calories even if you don’t need to as a recent study has suggested that cutting calories can extend your lifespan.
Overeating can lead to health issues that can shorten one’s life, such as obesity, diabetes and heart disease. On the other end of the spectrum, several studies have shown that restricting calorie intake below what a normal diet would dictate may lead to a longer life.
In an animal study, Huiru Tang, Yulan Wang, Yong Liu and colleagues report the metabolic reasons why these opposite diets may lead to such differences in longevity.
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[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoseries&w=640&h=390]The group divided mice into four dietary categories, low-fat, low-fat with calorie restriction, high-fat and high-fat with calorie restriction, for more than a year.
They then used nuclear magnetic resonance analysis to examine the metabolic effects in blood and urine samples.
The researchers found that calorie restriction had a much bigger effect on metabolic outcomes than the amount of fat in the diet.
Mice on higher calorie diets had increased oxidative stress, disturbed lipid metabolism, suppressed glycolysis and altered gut-microbial metabolites compared to those on the calorie-restricted regimens.
The study appears in Journal of Proteome Research.
With Zika buzz-bombing Brazil’s grandiose Summer Olympics plans, a team of researchers has come up with a new 2 dollar-test that rapidly detects Zika virus in saliva within 40 minutes.
The World Health Organization (WHO) recently announced that there was no need to postpone or move the Olympics due to Zika’s presence, but concern over the virus’ spread and its link to serious birth defects is far from allayed. Public health experts debate whether WHO made the right call.
But while the discussion continues, scientists are working on new tools to help manage the outbreak. Current gold-standard tests to detect the virus require expensive lab equipment and trained personnel.
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[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoseries&w=640&h=390]Low-cost diagnostic methods have been reported but can’t detect low levels of the disease or don’t distinguish between Zika and similar viruses such as dengue.
Changchun Liu and colleagues wanted to design a rapid, low-cost and more reliable point-of-care detection test.
To ensure their system would be highly selective for Zika without confusing it with similar viruses, the researchers looked for and found a stretch of genetic code that is nearly identical for 19 different strains of the Zika virus infecting people in the Americas but not in other pathogens.
Then, with materials costing 2 dollars per test, they developed a diagnostic system, which only requires the addition of water to operate.
If the Zika-specific genetic sequence is in a saliva sample, a dye within the system will turn blue within 40 minutes. The test even works if low levels of the sequence are present.
The study appears in journal Analytical Chemistry.
A new study has shown that pregnant monkeys stay infected with Zika longer, indicating an infection loop between mom and fetus.
Zika virus infection confers protection against future infection in monkeys, but lingers in the body of pregnant animals for prolonged periods of time, according to the research.
The team, led by University of Wisconsin-Madison pathology professor David O’Connor, infected eight rhesus macaque monkeys with the Zika virus strain responsible for the current outbreak in the Americas.
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[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoseries&w=640&h=390]Non-pregnant monkeys cleared the virus from their blood approximately 10 days after infection, which is similar to what is seen in humans with Zika virus and other flaviviruses. In the two pregnant monkeys, however, Zika virus persisted in the blood for at least 57 days.
The team then re-infected three of the non-pregnant monkeys with the same virus strain 10 weeks later and found they all were protected against infection.
The results indicate that natural immunity may be sufficient to protect against future Zika infections in humans, and a vaccine that can mimic this immunity would likely be safe and provide similar protection, the authors wrote.
The research team will continue to follow the pregnant monkeys to learn why the virus lingers in the body, and how this persistent infection relates to any potential fetal malformations or birth defects.
The findings appear in Nature Communications.
47 per cent people in NCR, mostly staying indoors during the day, have been found to have symptoms of various respiratory disease, said a recent survey.
According to the survey, indoor air contains two to five times more concentration of pollutants than outdoor air, and in some cases, the numbers are found to exceed 100 fold.
The diseases symptoms which were found among the residents included rhinitis, asthma, decreased resistance to respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
The survey was done by the Artemis hospital in collaboration with the Air purifiers manufacturer Blueair.
The brand has recently initiated the country’s biggest awareness programme against air pollution, with several studies on the affects of outdoor and indoor air pollution among the citizens.
A report of the World Health Organization (WHO) report showed that indoor air pollution accounts for nearly 3 per cent of global burden of disease.
“Indoor air pollution is one such health hazard which silently entering our body and incapacitating us from inside. It’s quality is equally or more dangerous than outdoor air pollution. Since we spend more time indoors, naturally the risk associated with indoor air is more.” said Raj Kumar, head Respiratory Allergy and Applied Immunology at Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, commenting on the survey.
In a few years, testing yourself for cancer or malaria could be as easy as testing your blood sugar or taking a home pregnancy test, according to a recent study.
Chemists at the Ohio State University are developing paper strips that detect diseases including cancer and malaria for a cost of 50 cents per strip.
Researcher Abraham Badu-Tawiah explained that the idea is that people could apply a drop of blood to the paper at home and mail it to a laboratory on a regular basis and see a doctor only if the test comes out positive.
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[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoseries&w=640&h=390]The researchers found that the tests were accurate even a month after the blood sample was taken, proving they could work for people living in remote areas.
Badu-Tawiah conceived of the papers as a way to get cheap malaria diagnoses into the hands of people in rural Africa and southeast Asia, where the disease kills hundreds of thousands of people and infects hundreds of millions every year.
He and his colleagues report that the test can be tailored to detect any disease for which the human body produces antibodies, including ovarian cancer and cancer of the large intestine.
The patent-pending technology could bring disease diagnosis to people who need it most–those who don’t have regular access to a doctor or can’t afford regular in-person visits, Badu-Tawiah said.
“We want to empower people. If you care at all about your health and you have reason to worry about a condition, then you don’t want to wait until you get sick to go to the hospital. You could test yourself as often as you want,” he said.
The technology resembles today’s “lab on a chip” diagnostics, but instead of plastic, the “chip” is made from sheets of plain white paper stuck together with two-sided adhesive tape and run through a typical ink jet printer.
Instead of regular ink, however, the researchers use wax ink to trace the outline of channels and reservoirs on the paper. The wax penetrates the paper and forms a waterproof barrier to capture the blood sample and keep it between layers. One 8.5-by-11-inch sheet of paper can hold dozens of individual tests that can then be cut apart into strips, each a little larger than a postage stamp.
“To get tested, all a person would have to do is put a drop of blood on the paper strip, fold it in half, put it in an envelope and mail it,” Badu-Tawiah said.
The technology works differently than other paper-based medical diagnostics like home pregnancy tests, which are coated with enzymes or gold nanoparticles to make the paper change color. Instead, the paper contains small synthetic chemical probes that carry a positive charge. It’s these “ionic” probes that allow ultra-sensitive detection by a handheld mass spectrometer.
The university will license the technology to a medical diagnostics company for further development and Badu-Tawiah hopes to be able to test the strips in a clinical setting within three years.
In the meantime, he and his colleagues are working to make the tests more sensitive, so that people could eventually use them non-invasively, with saliva or urine as the test material instead of blood.
The study appears in the Journal of the American Chemical Society.