Infants benefit when a woman gets her influenza immunization during pregnancy, study confirms
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Comfortable fit is important
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And don’t dwell on the negative
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The participants who showed bigger weight loss by the calorie restriction also exhibited increased vigour, less mood disturbance, improved general health and better quality of sleep. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Apart from losing weight, a diet low in calories is also likely to increase vigour and improve sexual drive, finds a new study.
The findings showed that a low-calorie diet improved mood, reduced tension and improved general health and sexual drive and relationship after a period of two years.
The participants who showed bigger weight loss by the calorie restriction also exhibited increased vigour, less mood disturbance, improved general health and better quality of sleep. A 25 per cent calorie restriction over two years by adults who were not obese caused lead to better health and improved the quality of life.
“Calorie restriction among primarily overweight and obese persons has been found to improve quality of life, sleep and sexual function, and the results of the present study indicate that two years of calorie restriction is unlikely to negatively affect these factors in healthy adults; rather, calorie restriction is likely to provide some improvement,” said Corby K. Martin, associate professor at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in the US.
Studies have shown that calorie restriction can increase longevity in many species.
For the results, published online by JAMA Internal Medicine, the team analysed a group of non-obese individuals because beneficial effects of calorie restriction on health span (length of time free of disease) increase the possibility that more people will practise calorie restriction.
The analysis included 218 participants and self-report questionnaires were used to measure mood, quality of life, sleep and sexual function. Data were collected at baseline, a year and two years. Of the 218 participants, the average age was nearly 38, and 70 per cent were women.
The calorie restriction group lost an average of 16.7 pounds compared with less than a pound in the control group at year two.
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Antibiotics benefit pathogen growth by disrupting oxygen levels and fibre processing in the gut, making the body more prone to infections. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Antibiotics are essential for fighting bacterial infection, but, they can also make the body more prone to infection and diarrhoea by allowing gut pathogens to ‘breathe’, says a study. Antibiotics benefit pathogen growth by disrupting oxygen levels and fibre processing in the gut, the study said.
The findings — published in the journal Cell Host Microbe — could lead to development of new strategies to prevent the side effects of antibiotic treatment.
Exactly how the resident ‘good’ microbes in the gut protect against pathogens — such as Salmonella — and how antibiotic treatments foster growth of disease-causing microbes have been poorly understood. But the new research in a mouse model has identified the chain of events that occur within the gut lumen after antibiotic treatment that allow ‘bad’ bugs to flourish.
The process begins with antibiotics depleting ‘good’ bacteria in the gut, including those that breakdown fibre from vegetables to create butyrate — an essential organic acid that cells lining the large intestine need as an energy source to absorb water — said lead researcher Andreas Baumler, professor at University of California Davis Health System in the US.
The reduced ability to metabolise fibre prevents these cells from consuming oxygen, increasing oxygen levels in the gut lumen that favour the growth of Salmonella. Most persons infected with Salmonella develop diarrhoea, fever and abdominal cramps 12-72 hours after infection, according to the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
“Unlike Clostridia and other beneficial microbes in the gut — which grow anaerobically, or in the complete absence of oxygen — Salmonella flourished in the newly created oxygen-rich micro environment after antibiotic treatment,” Baumler said. “In essence, antibiotics enabled pathogens in the gut to breathe,” Baumler noted.
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Scientists from the Institute of Cancer Research found Hsp90 inhibitors might help cure prostate cancer. (Source: Thinktsock Images)
Men with aggressive prostate cancer that has stopped responding to conventional treatment may potentially benefit from a new class of cancer drugs designed to overcome drug resistance, a new study suggests.
Scientists from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) in the UK found that the drugs, called Hsp90 inhibitors, specifically target and inactivate a mechanism commonly used by prostate cancer cells to evade the effects of standard treatment.
The findings provide vital information about the role of Hsp90 in drug-resistant prostate cancers, and open up potential new routes to cancer treatment based on blocking this or related proteins, researchers said.
They found that Hsp90 inhibitors countered the effect of malfunctions in the androgen receptor, which often occur in resistance to hormone treatments.
The findings suggest that Hsp90 inhibitors could be effective in prostate cancers that have become resistant to treatment and started spreading round the body.
Hsp90 inhibitors are among several innovative new types of treatment designed to attack cancer indirectly, by destabilising multiple different proteins required for the growth and survival of cancer cells, researchers said.
By destroying several cancer signals at once, Hsp90 inhibitors are designed to make it hard for cancers to escape the effects of treatment, giving them promise as potential ‘resistance-busting’ drugs, they said.
The new findings showed that on top of their known effects on cancer, Hsp90 inhibition also blocked production of abnormal forms of the androgen receptor, stripping cancer cells of their defences against hormone treatments,researchers said.
Prostate tumours rely on male hormones called androgens to grow and spread, and blocking androgen receptors can be an effective treatment, they said.
However, cancer cells often generate abnormal forms of the androgen receptor that can be switched on all the time without the need for androgen hormone stimulation.
Researchers studied the effect of Hsp90 inhibition on human cancer cells that produced the most common androgen receptor variant, called AR-V7. They grew the cancer cells in the lab and injected them into mice.
They showed that Hsp90 inhibition reduced production of AR-V7 through a new and unexpected mechanism of action – by changing the way that messenger RNA molecules carrying the code for AR-V7 are processed.
Hsp90 inhibition also reduced the levels of the normal androgen receptor, and other important prostate cancer molecules called AKT and GR, researchers said.
“Our study has found that Hsp90 inhibition can specifically stop resistance to hormone treatments in prostate cancer, through a completely new mechanism of action involving the processing of messenger RNA,” said Paul Workman from ICR.
The findings were published in the journal Cancer Research.
Children who are exposed to tobacco smoke at home fall sick more frequently compared to those who aren’t. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Children who live with a smoker or have exposure to tobacco smoke inside the home become frequently ill and are more likely to have paediatric healthcare visits — including sick care — say researchers.
“Our findings indicate that tobacco smoke exposure has a significant impact on demand for healthcare services,” said lead study author Ashley Merianos from University of Cincinnati.
The team analysed the 2011-2012 data from the National Survey on Children’s Health and looked at newborns to children aged 17 who were living with smokers compared with those who were not exposed to tobacco smoke at home. The results revealed a total of 24 per cent of the children lived with smokers.
Children who live with smokers end up in the doctor’s office or hospital more often than those not exposed to tobacco smoke.
“Paediatric emergency departments could serve as effective outlets for health messages to inform caregivers about the dangers of smoking around children and help decrease these potentially preventable tobacco smoke exposure-related visits and associated costs,” Merianos added.
The study was presented at the Pediatric Academic Societies 2016 meeting in Baltimore recently.
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