Check your readings often
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Check your readings often
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Take steps to improve leg circulation
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A team of international tobacco control experts has found that use of e-cigarettes can reduce overall smoking as well as potentially decrease the mortality rates particularly arising out of cigarette smoking.
The findings showed that e-cigarettes have the potential to counteract health risks and may do more benefit than harm.
Also, the evidence suggests a strong potential for e-cigarettes use to improve population health by reducing or displacing cigarette use in countries where cigarette prevalence is still high and smokers are interested in quitting.
“While e-cigarettes may act as a gateway to smoking, much of the evidence indicates that e-cigarette use encourages cessation from cigarettes by those people who would have otherwise smoked with or without e-cigarettes,” said lead researcher David Levy, professor at Georgetown University in the US.
However, the experts’ estimated that exclusive e-cigarette use is associated with about five percent of the mortality risks of smoking.
Research shows that cigarette smoking rates have fallen more in the last two years than they have in the previous four or five years in the US, Canada and England, and that this trend has coincided with the increase in e-cigarette use.
“We believe that the discussion to date has been slanted against e-cigarettes, which is unfortunate, because the big picture tells us that these products appear to be used mostly by people who already are or who are likely to become cigarette smokers,” Levy added.
In the study, published online in the journal Addiction, seven top international tobacco control experts have prompted regulators at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to have a broad “open-minded” perspective when it comes to regulating vaporised nicotine products, especially e-cigarettes.
The team synthesised much of the evidence published to date on e-cigarettes to suggest that use of these products can lead to reduced cigarette smoking overall with a potential reduction in deaths from cigarette smoking.
The team also warned that heavy regulation and taxation of e-cigarettes will counteract the benefit that these products can provide.
“We don’t want to encourage e-cigarette use by youth and young adults who would not have otherwise smoked. However, the primary aim of tobacco control policy should be to discourage cigarette use while providing the means for smokers to more easily quit smoking, even if that means switching for some time to e-cigarettes rather than quitting all nicotine use,” the researchers noted.
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[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoseries&w=640&h=390]Diabetes can damage the auditory system, new research has found, suggesting that clinicians should include the testing of hearing in managing Type-2 diabetes.
The findings, published in the journal Current Diabetes Reports, are based on a review of studies of possible linkages between Type-2 diabetes and hearing impairment.
“An association between diabetes and hearing impairment in human subjects has been shown in many, but not all, studies. Direct comparison of these studies is complicated due to a lack of consistency in defining hearing impairment and other factors,” said one of the researchers Elizabeth Helzner, assistant professor at SUNY Downstate Medical Centre in New York.
“However, the association between diabetes and hearing impairment tends to be stronger in studies that included younger participants, perhaps because in older samples, other causes of age-related hearing impairment may mask the contribution of diabetes to the impairment,” Helzner noted.
“This factor in itself lends weight to the notion that Type-2 diabetes can damage hearing,” Helzner explained.
The researchers, however, added that well-designed longitudinal studies are necessary in order to explore whether patients with diabetes are at increased risk of early-onset hearing impairment, and whether the progression of hearing impairment varies based on diabetes status, as well as disease management factors, after taking other known contributors to hearing sensitivity into account.
Hearing impairment has been associated with social isolation and depression, cognitive decline and incident dementia, a higher propensity for falls and hospitalisations, and increased mortality.
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[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoseries&w=640&h=390]Children with vision problems not correctable with glasses or contact lenses are twice as likely to have a diagnosis of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) when compared to peers without such disorders, suggests a study.
“Children with vision problems should be monitored for signs and symptoms of ADHD so that this dual impairment of vision and attention can best be addressed,” said the study’s led author Dawn DeCarlo from the University of Alabama at Birmingham, the US.
The findings appeared in the journal of the American Academy of Optometry.
The researchers analysed data on more than 75,000 children (aged four to 17) from the 2011-12 National Survey of Children’s Health, conducted by the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.
Parents were asked whether they had ever been told their child had some type of vision problem that was not correctable with standard glasses or contact lenses.
Examples of such conditions include disorders of eye alignment or eye movement, such as strabismus or nystagmus.
A current diagnosis of ADHD was reported for 15.6 percent of children with vision problems, compared to 8.3 percent of those without vision problems.
The findings add new evidence that children with vision problems not correctable by glasses or contact lenses have a higher prevalence of ADHD. The association is independent of differences in patient and family characteristics, the study said.
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[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=videoseries&w=640&h=390]As number of births started to decline century ago, females began living longer than males, researchers suggest
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Accutane raises risk of birth defects, but many women taking it don’t follow guidelines to avoid pregnancy, study finds
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