Tammy Earley: April 2016

Saturday, April 30, 2016

Studies say Maharashtrians at highest risk of developing diabetes

diabetes, type 2 diabetes, diabetes india, health

People in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Madya Pradesh are the safest in terms of their risk of developing the debilitating disease. (Photo: Thinkstock)

People in Maharashtra are at the highest risk of developing diabetes, followed by those in Karnataka, New Delhi and West Bengal, says a study by seeDoc, a Haryana-based online medical consultation company.

People in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Madya Pradesh are the safest in terms of their risk of developing the debilitating disease, the study said.

These findings are based on 20,000 users’ online diabetes assessment test over the past three months, an official statement said.

Users who have a high risk of developing Type-2 diabetes showed the following common characteristics — high body mass index (BMI), low physical activity, working in high stress environment, family history of Type-2 diabetes and symptoms of heart diseases, the statement added.

seeDoc designed the digital ‘Diabetes Test’ to assesses a user’s risk of developing diabetes in the next five years.

“The Diabetes Test has been researched and designed by top doctors with both international and Indian experience and functions in a simple manner by asking users certain basic information about their health and lifestyle, and mathematically provides a risk score which conveys the risk to the user as mild, moderate, high and very high risk,” the statement added.

“Once a healthy person develops diabetes, the task is an uphill battle for both patients and their doctors,” said Anuj Agarwal, co founder and chief medical officer at seeDoc.

“Early detection and then preventing patients from developing the disease is the key to tackling the diabetes epidemic in India,” he added.

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Kids With Two Dads as Well-Adjusted as Other Kids, Study Finds

But many of the fathers say they still face societal barriers

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Bullying Can Turn Victims Into Bullies

Greater risk for aggressive behavior when both cyberbullying and in-person taunting took place, study found

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More U.S. Kids Have Chronic Health Problems: Study

Low-income children are experiencing the biggest increases, researchers report

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Study Suggests Aerial Pesticide Spraying Tied to Higher Autism Rates

But researcher said finding doesn’t prove cause-and-effect connection

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'Wandering' a Hazard for More Than a Third of Kids With Autism

In study, many were unaware they might be in danger, couldn’t distinguish strangers from people they knew

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Autism Diagnosed at Younger Ages

Researcher says this is due to change in screening guidelines for 18- and 24-month-olds

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Here’s what sitting for long hours can do to your health

Researchers found that sedentary behaviour is associated with increased amounts of calcium deposits in heart arteries. (Photo: Thinkstock)

Reducing daily sitting time by one to two hours could have a significant and positive impact on future cardiovascular health, scientists, including one of Indian-origin suggest.

Researchers found that sedentary behaviour is associated with increased amounts of calcium deposits in heart arteries, which in turn is associated with a higher risk of heart attack.

“This is one of the first studies to show that sitting time is associated with early markers of atherosclerosis buildup in the heart,” said Amit Khera, from University of Texas in the US.

“Each additional hour of daily sedentary time is associated with a 12 per cent higher likelihood of coronary artery calcification,” said Khera.

Researchers found that reducing daily “sitting time” by even 1 to 2 hours per day could have a significant and positive impact on future cardiovascular health.

For individuals with a desk job that requires them to sit for large portions of the day, they suggested taking frequent breaks.

“Try a one to five minute break every hour. Stand up. Walk up a flight of stairs. All of this helps in a small way. Then get in your strenuous exercise in the evening as well,” said Julia Kozlitina from University of Texas.

In some individuals, cholesterol builds up inside the walls of the arteries supplying blood to the heart in mounds called cholesterol plaques. Over time, calcium accumulates in these plaques, researchers said.

The amount of coronary artery calcium can be measured through Computed Tomography (CT) scanning and directly correlates with the amount of cholesterol plaque, as well as with heart attack risk, they said.

For the study, researchers asked 2,000 participants to wear a device that measured their activity levels for a week.

Participants spent an average of 5.1 hours sitting per day and an average of 29 minutes in moderate to vigorous physical activity each day, researchers said.

“We observed a significant association between increased sedentary time and coronary artery calcium. These associations were independent of exercise, traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors such as diabetes and high blood pressure, and socioeconomic factors,” said Khera.

“This research suggests that increased subclinical atherosclerosis characterised by calcium deposition is one of the mechanisms through which sedentary behaviour increases cardiovascular risk and that this risk is distinct from the protective power of exercise,” he said.

The findings were published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology: Cardiovascular Imaging.

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Depressed? Exercise can help but then again, it depends on your genes

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A new study says exercise can help people with certain genetic traits lower depressive symptoms. (Photo: Thinkstock)

Exercise can help people with certain genetic traits lower depressive symptoms more, says a new study.

The researchers believe that in the future, it is possible that blood or saliva could be tested to determine if a person could benefit from physical activity to lower depressive symptoms.

The researchers found that men who were carriers of two specific genes had the most significant response to exercise.

The results suggest physical activity as part of a treatment plan — exercise as moderate as walking — could help the carriers of these genes.

“I want to better understand who could benefit most from physical activity. I’d like to take the same approach to exercise that we take to medication, which is to have a personalised medicine approach,” said the study’s first author Vonetta Dotson, assistant professor at the University of Florida in the US.

“If we show through systematic research that exercise has a good chance of helping a patient because of their particular characteristics, I think that might help with patients’ motivation to exercise,” Dotson noted.

The study used data gathered in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders, or LIFE, pilot study.

During the LIFE pilot study, 396 sedentary older adults were separated into two groups: those who received health education classes and those who were given moderate physical activity classes for 12 months.

The participants also underwent genetic testing before the intervention, and the researchers tested three genes — the brain-derived neurotrophic, or BDNF, gene, a serotonin transporter gene and a gene called apolipoprotein E.

The researchers found the greatest decrease in symptoms such as loss of appetite and concentration difficulties in men who carried the BDNF genetic variation that predisposed them to depression.

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Too much red meat in diet can increase your body’s biological age

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A diet containing too much red meat could lead to health problems, according to the latest research. (Photo: Thinkstock)

A diet containing too much red meat and not enough fruits and vegetables could increase your body’s ‘biological age’ and lead to health problems, according to the latest research.

Research led by the University of Glasgow and published today in Aging, has found that a moderate increase in serum phosphate levels caused by red meat consumption, combined with a poor overall diet, increases biological age (miles on the clock) in contrast to chronological age (years of age).

The study, which looked at participants from the most deprived to the least deprived in the NHS Greater Glasgow Health Board area, also demonstrates that deprived males were the worst affected.

Data from the study suggests that accelerated biological ageing, and dietary derived phosphate levels among the most deprived males, were directly related to the frequency of red meat consumption.

Researchers believe that excess red meat particularly affects this group because of their poor diet and “sub-optimal fruit and vegetable intake”.

The research, led by the Institute of Cancer Sciences in collaboration with the Karolinska Institute (Stockholm, Sweden), also found that high phosphate levels in deprived males correlated with reduced kidney function and even underlying mild to moderate chronic kidney disease.

“The data in this study provides evidence for a mechanistic link between high intake of phosphate and age-related morbidities tied to socio-economic status,” Professor Paul Shiels said.

“Our observations indicate that elevated red meat consumption has adverse effects amongst deprived males, who already have a poor diet and eat less fruit and vegetables than recommended. We think in this group the effects of high serum phosphate intake may be exacerbated,” he added.

Indeed it’s notable that these effects are not apparent among less deprived males, or in females, especially in the context of a more balanced diet.

“Phosphate is naturally present in basic foodstuffs, including meats, fish, eggs, dairy products and vegetables.

Intestinal absorption of naturally occurring phosphate is minimally regulated, as absorption is efficient, hence high supplementation results in markedly elevated levels of serum phosphate, which can have adverse health consequences.

This research has taken place as a part of the psychological, social, and biological determinants of ill health (pSoBid) study cohort, originally funded by the Glasgow Centre for Population Health.

The study, ‘Accelerated Ageing and Renal Dysfunction Links Lower Socioeconomic Status and Dietary Phosphate Intake’ is published in Aging.

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Friday, April 29, 2016

Seniors' Worsening Depression May Sometimes Predict Dementia

Study suggests a common underlying cause in some, but not all, cases

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My Curious Case: Genital tract reconstruction saves 13-year-old from sterility

Genital tract reconstruction, Genital tract disease, abdominal pain, Ramesh Bhosale, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, health news, Indian express

Outflow tract obstruction is one of the reasons for delayed or complete blockage of menstrual flow.

Dr Ramesh Bhosale
Professor and Head of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, B J Medical College and Sassoon General Hospital, Pune

A 13-year-old girl, who weighed 35kg, had been experiencing abdominal pains for three to four days every month. But the teenager had not been having her menstrual period. On examination it was found that she did not have a ‘normal’ vaginal opening.

On imaging investigation, a transverse vaginal septum – a congenital partition within the vagina – was detected. A septal operation was performed which established the outflow of menstrual blood. However within two months, restenosis – the recurrence of abnormal narrowing of a valve after corrective surgery – developed and the vaginal opening closed.

The girl then underwent plastic surgery with ‘pudendal flaps’ and menstrual flow was re-established. Unfortunately, this time too there was restenosis and the flow stopped within two months. Eventually after seven months, the patient sought an opinion at the gynaecology department of Sassoon General Hospital.

Disruptions in menstrual flow can be ‘stressful’ for the body and a delay in seeking medical help, mostly because of reluctance on the part of the patient to get a genital examination, can worsen the problem. Outflow tract obstruction is one of the reasons for delayed or complete blockage of menstrual flow. If the condition is not treated in time, the upper vital genital reproductive tract is permanently damaged resulting in sterility. This condition occurs in 1 in every 30,000-80,000 women.

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When the patient was examined at Sassoon General Hospital, we realised that her vaginal opening had completely closed due to extensive fibrosis. A sonography test revealed that there was accumulation of blood in her upper vaginal canal, which had created a 11X8.5cm size mass.

When the 13-year-old was examined in the operation theatre under spinal anaesthesia, extensive fibrosis and formation of a septum in the vagina was seen. A reconstruction operation was immediately undertaken. All fibrotic tissues along with the septum were completely removed, ensuring that the urethra and rectum were not affected. Finally, deformities that had occurred from the previous surgical fibrosis were corrected and the anatomy of the vagina and the vulva was restored successfully. The accumulated menstrual blood was released through the newly created passage.

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Diet diary: Haemoglobin not always indicator of iron levels

Haemoglobin, Haemoglobin level, average Haemoglobin level, Haemoglobin deficiency, iron levels in body, health news, balanced diets, ishi khosla column, lifestyle news

Iron absorption though is dependent on whether it is heme iron (from animal food) or non- heme iron (present in plant foods).

IF YOU thought haemoglobin levels indicate iron status, think again! While haemoglobin reflects whether an individual is anaemic or not, it may or may not necessarily be an indicator of your body’s iron stores. You may have normal haemoglobin levels and still have iron deficiency, a condition also referred to as non-anaemic iron deficiency.

Non-anaemic iron deficiency was picked as a causative factor for diffuse hair loss in women in 1963. Numerous studies have also linked low ferritin levels to hair fall, thinning of hair, hair loss (alopecia), dull lifeless hair and lightening of dark hair.

Iron is stored in the body as ferritin. Ferritin accounts for 20 per cent of total iron in adults and plays an important role both in absorption and recycling of iron. It is formed by intestinal mucosa, liver, spleen and bone marrow. Ferritin levels are a good indication of iron storage levels.

Low ferritin levels indicate depleted iron reserves, while high ferritin levels indicate inflammation and can be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. A higher-than-normal ferritin level may be due to any inflammatory condition, alcoholic liver disease, frequent blood transfusion or too much stored iron in the body (hemochromatosis).

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Low iron stores or ferritin have been considered a possible contributing factor in several other conditions: muscle weakness, aching joints, breathlessness or heart palpitations, difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), dry skin, sensitivity to cold temperature; pale pallor, thin, soft or brittle nails that don’t grow or may ’spoon’, ‘curl’-up or split, meaty tongue and a pale conjunctiva under the eye lids.

Iron deficiency is also known to depress the immune system, making the body more vulnerable to infection — particularly thrush, chronic herpes, mouth ulcers or chronic ear infections. Thyroid, para-thyroid and adrenal gland function are also influenced by an imbalance of iron. Ammehorea (loss of menstrual cycles) is also seen with low iron stores. A poorly understood behaviour seen among iron deficient people is pica — the craving and consumption of ice, chalk, starch, clay, soil and other non-edible substances.

Most common causes of low ferritin levels and hair loss include heavy menstrual bleeding, crash-dieting, poor diets, parasitic infections, surgeries, severe illnesses, digestive tract bleeding, emotional stress, medications, certain health conditions like malabsorption and thyroid abnormalities or hormonal changes.

Iron rich foods include animal foods- meat, especially organ meat (liver), poultry and fish and green leafy vegetables including cauliflower greens, mustard greens, radish leaves, amaranth (chaulai), lotus stem, black gram, black sesame, seaweed, black beans, soybean, water melon, grains like quinoa and some dry fruits like dates and sultanas. Iron absorption though is dependent on whether it is heme iron (from animal food) or non- heme iron (present in plant foods). Heme iron is easily absorbed by the body compared to non-heme.

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Smog May Boost Risk for Several Cancers

Study finds even small increases in pollution raised overall odds of dying from disease by 22 percent

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E-Cigarettes 'In' at Some Schools

In certain places, teens more likely to vape, regardless of regular cigarette use, study says

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To Avoid Food Poisoning, There's an App for That

USDA product helps consumers track expiration dates

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Zika Virus Was in Haiti Long Before Brazil Outbreak: Study

Scientists aren’t sure exactly what triggered widespread infections in the Americas

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Kids of Older Moms May Have a Leg Up on Their Peers

They tend to be taller, better educated, and societal changes over time may be behind trend, study suggests

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Heat Beats Cold for Treating Jellyfish Stings

Evidence favors hot water or hot packs to ease pain

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Health Highlights: April 29, 2016

First Commercial Zika Test Approved by FDA /div

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Health Tip: Sleepless on Sunday

Suggestions for a better night’s rest

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Health Tip: Avoid Alcohol While Nursing

Help keep baby safe

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Good friends can boost your pain tolerance: Study

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A new Oxford study which suggests that those with higher stress levels tend to have smaller social networks. (Photo: Thinkstock)

People with more friends have increased pain tolerance, according to a new Oxford study which suggests that those with higher stress levels tend to have smaller social networks.

“I was particularly interested in a chemical in the brain called endorphin. Endorphins are part of our pain and pleasure circuitry – they are our body’s natural painkillers and also give us feelings of pleasure,” said Katerina Johnson from University of Oxford in the UK.

One theory, called the brain opioid theory of social attachment, is that social interactions trigger positive emotions when endorphin binds to opioid receptors in brain.

This gives us that feel-good factor that we get from seeing our friends, said Johnson.

“To test this theory, we relied on the fact that endorphin has a powerful pain-killing effect – stronger even than morphine,” she added.

Researchers used pain tolerance as a way to assess the brain’s endorphin activity. If the theory was correct, people with larger social networks would have higher pain tolerance, and this was what their study found.

“These results are also interesting because recent research suggests that the endorphin system may be disrupted in psychological disorders such as depression,” said Johnson.

“This may be part of the reason why depressed people often suffer from a lack of pleasure and become socially withdrawn,” she said.

Both fitter people and those with higher reported stress levels tended to have smaller social networks, researchers said.

“It may simply be a question of time – individuals that spend more time exercising have less time to see their friends,” said Johnson.

“However, there may be a more interesting explanation – since both physical and social activities promote endorphin release, perhaps some people use exercise as an alternative means to get their ‘endorphin rush’ rather than socialising,” she said.

The finding relating to stress may indicate that larger social networks help people to manage stress better, or it may be that stress or its causes mean people have less time for social activity, shrinking their network.

Participants were asked to complete a questionnaire relating to the two innermost social network layers, as well as providing information on lifestyle and personality.

They then performed a test which involved squatting against the wall with knees at a 90 degree angle and a straight back (the wall sit test), researchers said.

They were asked to hold this position and endure the discomfort for as long as possible.

Even when allowing for differences in individual fitness, researchers found that people who could endure this pain test for longer, also tended to have larger social networks.

The findings were published in the journal Scientific Reports.

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A ray of hope: Single antibody infusions found promising against HIV

HIV, HIV cure, AIDS, AIDS cure, HIV research, AIDS research, health

An antibody infusion can protect monkeys against infection with an HIV-like virus, researchers have found. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

A single antibody infusion can protect monkeys against infection with an HIV-like virus for up to 23 weeks, researchers have found.

Previously scientists had found that giving monkeys an infusion of broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs), which target a wide range of HIV strains, a few days prior to exposure to a high dose of virus can prevent infection.

However, humans typically are exposed to low doses of HIV on several occasions before becoming infected with the virus.

In the current study, researchers at the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and the Rockefeller University rectally exposed macaques to weekly low doses of simian human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV), which contains components of HIV and a related monkey virus.

On average, it took three weeks for detectable levels of virus to appear in the blood of untreated animals.

To investigate whether bNAb infusions could offer long-term protection against SHIV infection, the scientists gave single infusions of one of three individual bNAbs against HIV – known as VRC01, 3BNC117 and 10-1074 – to three groups of six macaques, then exposed the animals weekly to low doses of SHIV.

In all cases, the bNAb infusions delayed the acquisition of SHIV, with the longest period of protection lasting 23 weeks. The researchers found that the duration of protection depended on the antibody’s potency and half-life – a measure of the antibody’s lifespan in the blood and tissues.

Next, the researchers tested the ability of a modified version of VRC01 with an extended half-life to protect monkeys from SHIV.

Six animals given a single infusion of the modified VRC01 were protected for an average of 14.5 weeks, compared to 8 weeks for those who received the original VRC01 antibody.

Although more research is needed, using bNAb infusions as a prevention strategy potentially could protect people at high risk for HIV transmission, researchers suggest.

Enrolment have begun in the first of two planned human clinical trials assessing VRC01 infusions for preventing HIV infection, researchers said.

The study was published in the journal Nature.

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Thursday, April 28, 2016

Teen Birth Rate at Record Low in U.S.

They’re delaying sex, using more effective birth control, CDC researcher says

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Many Manly Men Avoid Needed Health Care

Gender stereotypes can have dangerous consequences, research suggests

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Building Muscle Could Boost the Body's Most Important Muscle

People with heart disease should prioritize weight training over weight loss, study says

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Some Smart Yet Easy Ways to Shield Yourself From Skin Cancer

Dermatologist offers advice on how to prevent, detect any abnormalities

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Coffee, Wine Good for Healthy Gut, Sodas May Be Bad

Study examines how food and medications affect makeup of bacteria in people’s tummies

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Mild Air Pollution of Concern in Pregnancy

Study found risk for a leading cause of premature birth began below EPA standards

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Health Highlights: April 28, 2016

Smokers Should Switch to E-Cigarettes: U.K. Medical Group Hawaii Reaches Milestone in Dengue Fever Outbreak /div

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'You've Got Cancer' Can Take Devastating Mental Toll

Study finds higher rates of depression, anxiety, substance abuse just before and after a diagnosis

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Two Genes May Raise Odds for Fraternal Twin Pregnancies

Variants make the release of multiple eggs more likely, researchers say

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Could a Cellular Tweak Someday 'Switch Off' Gray Hair?

Scientists spot a molecular signal controlling skin and hair color

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'Freckle' Gene Might Make You Look Older

Scientists say certain genetic variations can add 2 years to your face

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Could THIS be the key to curbing your hunger? Health experts reveal best food to burn fat

DESPITE what the frosty temperatures may have you believe, summer is just around the corner.

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Births of Triplets, Quadruplets on Decline in U.S.: Report

Improvements in infertility treatments led to fewer risky multiple births by 2014, experts say

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Are People With Rosacea at Higher Risk for Alzheimer's?

Danish study finds a correlation, but patients shouldn’t worry unduly, experts say

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Got Unwanted Pills? Drug Take-Back Day Is April 30

National effort coordinates drop-off sites to keep prescriptions out of the hands of abusers

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Health Tip: Got Eczema?

Consider a bleach bath if your dermatologist approves

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Health Tip: Enjoy a Healthier Plane Ride

Suggestions for better air travel

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Wednesday, April 27, 2016

Scientists unlock how breast cancer cells spread

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Scientists have found how breast cancer cells spread to other parts of the body, enabling development of potential strategies to curb the spread. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

A team of researchers — including an Indian-origin scientist — has found that breast cancer cells spread to other parts of the body by sliding around other cells, blocking their escape route out of the original tumour.

Metastasis — the spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body to another — is the leading cause of death among cancer patients. To invade other tissues in the body, cancer cells migrate along protein fibers that serve as a path out of the original tumour.

The researchers demonstrated a quantitative ruler for measuring how well a cell is able to slide. “By putting numbers to this cellular behaviour, we can not only discern which pathways regulate sliding, but also how much. This opens the door to finding the most powerful drivers of sliding behaviour and strategies to curb this invasive behaviour,” said one of the researchers, Anand Asthagiri of Boston’s Northeastern University.

The findings demonstrated the key role of cell sliding in supporting metastasis and the molecular pathways that allow this to happen, the researchers stated. The results provide a ruler to measure the extent to which genetic perturbations enable sliding — it offers a way to rank order molecular pathways and to identify combinations of genes that have synergistic effect on sliding potential.

“Sliding — and we believe invasiveness more broadly — is a property that’s progressively accrued, with each cancer-promoting event measurably shifting the degree of invasiveness. Having a ruler allows us to quantify how far cells have transformed and how effective one therapy is versus another,” Asthagiri noted.

For the study — published in Biophysical Journal — the team stamped a glass surface with micropatterned lines of fibronectin protein and then used time-lapse microscopy to study collisions between pairs of cells deposited on the adhesive fibers.

On micropatterns, they mimicked conditions in the tumour environment. 99 per cent of normal breast cells stopped and reversed direction upon physical contact with another cell. By contrast, about half of metastatic breast cancer cells responded to collisions by sliding past the other cell, maintaining their migratory path along the protein track.

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Mom's Pre-Pregnancy Weight May Help Predict Child's Size

Study also found six months of breast-feeding offered protection against excess pounds in child

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1 in 4 Hospitalized Newborns Gets Heartburn Drugs, Despite Risks

Study shows use is common, but prior research suggests a danger to babies

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Sleep Doesn't Come Easy to Those With Brain Injuries

And that may affect daytime performance at work or school, research suggests

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Psoriasis Tied to Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes

A genetic link is one theory for the possible association, researchers say

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Gotta Minute? Get a Good Workout

Study found 60 seconds of intense exercise as effective as 45 minutes of moderate exertion

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Fatty liver may increase heart disease, mortality

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In patients with metabolic syndrome health problems like diabetes and stroke at risk for heart disease events, NAFLD contributes to early atherosclerosis and its progression, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

A patient suffering from fatty liver disease is prone to an increased risk of heart disease as well as the mortality rates associated with it, a new study has found.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasingly common condition in patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes and arterial hypertension — where high blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.

The findings showed that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis — the build-up of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on the artery walls — which may lead to the advent of cardiovascular disease (CVD), heart diseases, related deaths.

“Evidence indicates that the fatty and inflamed liver expresses several pro-inflammatory and procoagulant factors, as well as genes involved in accelerated atherogenesis,” said led researcher Raluca Pais from Pierre and Marie Curie University in Paris, France.

“This raises the possibility that the link between NAFLD and cardiovascular mortality might not simply be mediated by shared, underlying, common risk factors, but rather that NAFLD independently contributes to increasing this risk,” added one of the researchers Vlad Ratziu, professor.

“This indicates that NAFLD is a precursor of metabolic syndrome. It follows that the diagnosis of fatty liver is extremely important and therefore a thorough cardiovascular and metabolic work-up and strict monitoring of CVD or metabolic complications are needed in the clinical management of NAFLD,” Pais noted in the paper published in Journal of Hepatology.

The team undertook a large retrospective study of close to 6,000 patients between 1995 and 2012 to assess whether NAFLD is incidental to or is the cause of atherosclerosis of the carotid arteries.

Using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) a well-validated biomarker, researchers observed that fatty liver is associated with thickness in the major blood vessels in the neck — a pre-atherosclerotic problem that predicts heart disease events.

Thickness in the blood vessels increases proportionally with FLI, and this association is independent of traditional cardiometabolic risk factors — like diabetes, heart disease or stroke.

Futher, patients with fatty liver were more likely to develop in the plaques resulting in thickness in the blood vessels over time.

Fatty liver disease at baseline predicted the occurrence of carotid plaques independent of age, sex, type 2 diabetes, tobacco use, and other heart disease risk factors.

Strict monitoring of cardiovascular disease recommended when managing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, the researchers suggested.

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More women opt for silicon balloon implants to lose weight: Doctors

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One of the reasons why women prefer silicon balloon implants over bariatric surgery is because it is non-invasive. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

With obesity on the rise among women, experts have said that silicon balloon implants in the stomach are becoming popular among young women in order to reduce their appetite.

According to experts, once the silicon balloon, filled with water, is implanted in the stomach, it gives a sense of fullness — reducing appetite and leading to weight loss of 10-15kg in a couple of months.

“Young girls looking to get married prefer this technique, also referred to as gastric balloon. Also, the balloons do not have to be kept inside forever. They are taken out as soon as there is significant weight reduction to avoid any side-effect,” said Ashis Bhanot, head of Institute of Bariatric Surgery at Apollo Spectra hospitals.

Bhanot said the other reason why women prefer silicon balloon implants over bariatric surgery is because it is non-invasive.

Explaining the silicon balloon procedure, he said :”Gastric Balloon is designed to partially fill ones stomach, giving a feeling of fullness. The balloon is implanted in the stomach using an endoscope. Then, it is inflated.”

“Newer balloons come with caps to adjust the fluid you want to fill in them. Normally, 350 ml to 400 ml of fluid is used to inflate the balloon but if a patient feels nausea or vomits, the fluid amount is reduced,” said Bhanot, who performs seven to eight such surgeries in a month on an average.

Abhay Singh, a Delhi based gastroenterology expert, said that a few patients tend to suffer from rebound hunger that leads to weight gain. However, the number of such cases is very low.

“The balloon technology cost varies from Rs.1.5 to 2 lakh depending upon the quality of implant. It can be used effectively for weight loss in a larger subset of obese patients, who cannot undergo surgery,” said Singh.

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Spanking: More Harm Than Good?

It can lead to psychological, learning problems in kids, analysis of 75 studies suggests

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Mindfulness Therapy May Help Ease Recurrent Depression

Review of 9 studies suggests it helps patients better cope with troubling thoughts and emotions

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The 7 Deadliest Emergency General Surgeries

Gastrointestinal and bowel operations top the list because they’re often done without planning or preparation, experts say

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Type 2 Diabetes May Damage Hearing, Study Finds

Researchers recommend auditory testing of diabetic patients

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Health Highlights: April 27, 2016

More Than 4.5 Million Pounds of Pilgrim’s Pride Chicken Products Recalled FDA Must Ban Concentrated Caffeine Products: Critics WWE Star Chyna’s Brain Being

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U.S. Health Report Card Finds Racial, Ethnic Disparities Persist

But infant death rates, numbers of uninsured are improving, government analysis reveals

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Kids From Poorer Families May Have Worse Food Allergy Care

Parents often have fewer dollars for medication, preventive measures, study finds

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World’s tiniest thermometer built using DNA

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Scientists create nanothermometers — 20,000 times smaller than human hair — using DNA. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

Researchers have created a programmable DNA thermometer that is 20,000 times smaller than a strand of human hair.

This scientific advance — reported in the journal Nano Letters — may significantly aid our understanding of natural and human designed nanotechnologies by enabling measuring of temperature at a nanoscale.

Over 60 years ago, researchers discovered that the DNA molecules that encode our genetic information can unfold when heated.

“In recent years, biochemists also discovered that biomolecules such as proteins or RNA — a molecule similar to DNA — are employed as nanothermometers in living organisms and report temperature variation by folding or unfolding,” said senior author Alexis Vallee-Belisle from University of Montreal in Canada.

“Inspired by those natural nanothermometers — which are typically 20,000 times smaller than human hair — we have created various DNA structures that can fold and unfold at specifically defined temperatures,” Vallee-Belisle said.

One of the main advantages of using DNA to engineer molecular thermometers is that DNA chemistry is relatively simple and programmable.

The researchers believe that these nanoscale thermometers open many exciting avenues in the emerging field of nanotechnology, and may even help us to better understand molecular biology.

“There are still many unanswered questions in biology,” Vallee-Belisle said. “For example, we know that the temperature inside the human body is maintained at 37 ° Celsius, but we have no idea whether there is a large temperature variation at the nanoscale inside each individual cell,” Vallee-Belisle pointed out.

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Fasting not necessary before a cholesterol test: Experts

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People at work, children, patients with diabetes and the elderly can relax as new research encourages having to fast before blood sampling for cholesterol testing. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

People need not check their cholesterol levels on an empty stomach, suggests new research involving more than 300,000 individuals from Denmark, Canada and the US. So far, fasting has been required before cholesterol and triglyceride measurement in all countries except Denmark, where non-fasting blood sampling has been used since 2009, the study pointed out.

Fasting is a problem for many patients, and the latest research shows that cholesterol and triglyceride levels are similar whether you fast or not.

“This will improve patients’ compliance to preventive treatment aimed at reducing number of heart attacks and strokes — the main killers in the world,” said one of the researchers Borge Nordestgaard from Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen.

The research was published in the European Heart Journal.

In Denmark, the use of random, non-fasting cholesterol testing at any time of the day — irrespective of food intake — has been used successfully since 2009. Patients, doctors and laboratories have all benefited from this simplified procedure. For people at work, children, patients with diabetes and the elderly it is particularly beneficial not to have to fast before blood sampling for cholesterol and triglyceride testing.

This is the first international recommendation that fasting is no longer necessary before cholesterol and triglyceride testing. These recommendations represent a joint consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society and European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine involving 21 medical experts from Europe, Australia and the US.

“We hope that non-fasting cholesterol testing will make more patients — together with their doctors — implement lifestyle changes and, if necessary, statin treatment to reduce the global burden of cardiovascular disease and premature death,” Nordestgaard added.

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Yoga may reduce impact of asthma on life

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Yoga may reduce the severity of symptoms of asthma — include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath — thereby improving quality of life among sufferers. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

If you are suffering from asthma, practising yoga may offer some relief from the chronic disease and improve your quality of life, suggests new research. Asthma is a common chronic disease affecting about 300 million people worldwide. The many typical symptoms of asthma include wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath.

“Our findings suggest that yoga exercise may lead to small improvements in asthma, quality of life and symptoms,” said lead author Zuyao Yang from Chinese University of Hong Kong.

The study — published in the journal Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews — involved 15 randomised controlled trials which involved 1,048 men and women. Most of the trials were conducted in India, followed by Europe and the US. The majority of participants had mild to moderate asthma for six months to more than 23 years.

Six studies looked into the effects of breathing alone during yoga exercise, while the other studies assessed the effects of yoga that included breathing, posture and meditation. Most people continued to take their usual asthma medication while participating in the studies. The studies were conducted over a time period of two weeks to over four years.

The researchers found some moderate-quality evidence from five studies that yoga exercise reduces the impact of asthma on people’s quality of life. “However, it is unclear whether yoga has a consistent impact on lung function and we don’t yet know if yoga can reduce people’s medication usage, or if there are any side-effects of yoga for people with asthma,” Yang noted.

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Health Tip: Choose Energy-Boosting Foods

The right diet fuels your workout

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Health Tip: Use a Mouthguard

And be sure to keep it clean

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Tuesday, April 26, 2016

Study reveals why older adults struggle to adapt to new environments

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A study has revealed that older adults often seem confused in new environments due to deterioration of a brain circuit monitoring goal-directed learning. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

The elderly are often unable to adjust to new surroundings. This is partly due to the deterioration of a brain circuit that plays a key role in goal-directed learning, a new study conducted on mice has found.

The results revealed that the faulty activation of this brain circuit mixes both the new and old learning in the elderly mice, thus causing impairment in their ability to select the most appropriate action in response to a changing environment that leads to confusion.

“Flexibility issues in ageing have long been described in other navigation and spatial memory tasks. Here we describe a similar flexibility problem, but applied to goal-directed action, which of course has more detrimental consequences for everyday life and potentially compromises survival,” said J. Bertran-Gonzalez of the University of Queensland in Australia.

This flexibility problem could constitute a first step towards major motivational decline and, in some cases, seed further cognitive conditions and dementia, the researchers noted in the paper published in the journal Neuron.

The team found that the ability to make choices between distinct courses of action depends on a brain region called the striatum, which is located in the forebrain and associated with planning and decision-making. However, it has not been clear whether the age-related decline in striatal function impairs initial goal-directed learning per se or simply prevents the updating of this learning in face of new environmental demands.

Further, this decline in behavioural flexibility was also accompanied by the deterioration of a specific pathway in the brain — called the parafascicular-to-cholinergic interneuron pathway (PF-to-CIN) — which resulted in faulty activation of striatal neurons. Disrupting this pathway in young mice reiterated the behavioural deficits observed in old mice, resulting in interference between old and new action-outcome associations. The findings show that the age-related decline in the PF-to-CIN pathway impairs the ability of mice to adjust to environmental changes in goal-directed learning tasks.

For the study, the team placed aged mice in a chamber and trained them to press two levers — one to receive a grain-based food reward and the other to receive a food pellet that was identical, except that it had a sweet taste. Then the mice were placed in another box, where they were given unrestricted access to only one of the pellets — grain-based pellets — for an hour. Immediately afterward, the mice were again placed in the original chamber and allowed to choose between the differently flavoured food pellets and both young and old mice preferred to eat the sweetened food pellets. The researchers next switched the associations, such that pressing lever one resulted in the delivery of sweetened food pellets, whereas lever two presses yielded grain-flavoured pellets.

Young mice successfully adjusted to this environmental change, pressing lever one to receive the sweetened food pellet after having gorged on the grain-based food pellets, and vice versa. However, old mice became confused and pressed the two levers at similar rates.

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Trouble With Sense of Direction May Be Linked to Early Alzheimer's: Study

It’s hoped virtual testing could predict disease long before symptoms develop

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Skateboarding Mishaps Send 176 U.S. Kids to ERs Every Day

Protective gear is essential for preventing injuries, experts say

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Young Gay, Bisexual Men May Be at Higher Risk for Suicide, Study Finds

They were much more likely to attempt to harm themselves than older counterparts, and blacks were also vulnerable

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Drug for Yeast Infections May Raise Miscarriage Risk, FDA Warns

Agency recommends alternatives to fluconazole for mothers-to-be until its review is complete

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Statins Might Not Lower Colon Cancer Risk: Study

But cholesterol levels may be associated with reduced chance of disease

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Omega-3 Fish Oil Supplements Might Boost Antidepressants' Effects

Data from 8 randomized clinical trials suggests a benefit, but consult with your doctor first, experts say

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Early Emotional Support May Help Kids Manage Feelings Later

Preschool children given high levels of caring showed specific brain changes

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Night Shift Work May Be Tough on a Woman's Heart

But study found the effect waned after nurses stopped working odd hours

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Day Care Babies Catch Stomach Bugs Earlier, But Get Fewer Later

Protective effect seen from preschool to age 6, study says

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Health Highlights: April 26, 2016

Gold Emblem Tea Recalled by CVS FDA Panel Votes Against Approval of Drug for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy /div

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With Flu Shot, Timing May Be Everything

Vaccination seems to provide greater immune response in the morning than in the afternoon, study suggests

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Rates of Severe Obesity Among U.S. Kids Still Rising: Study

Treatment for these 4.5 million children is urgently needed, researcher says

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Eating rice may be harmful for your kids: Study

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Parents be careful! Rice consumption in early life is linked to increased arsenic exposure — which has adverse effects on foetal growth and child immune and neurodevelopment outcomes. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

Parents, take note! Infants who eat rice and rice products — typical first foods for babies — may have higher urinary arsenic concentrations than those who do not, a new US study has warned.

Arsenic exposure from rice is a concern for infants and children, researchers said. Previous research suggests that arsenic exposure in utero — and early in life — may be associated with adverse effects on foetal growth and child immune and neurodevelopment outcomes.

Infant rice cereal may contain inorganic arsenic concentrations that exceed the recommendation from the World Health Organisation (WHO) of 200 nanogram/gram (ng/g) for polished white rice and the new European Union regulations of 100 ng/g for products aimed at infants.

Researchers from Dartmouth College in the US examined the frequency with which infants ate rice and rice-containing products in their first year of life, as well as the association with arsenic concentrations in the urine. The study included 759 infants born to mothers in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study from 2011 to 2014. The infants were followed up with phone interviews every four months until 12 months of age.

At 12 months, dietary patterns during the past week were assessed, including whether the infant had eaten rice cereal, white or brown rice or foods either made with rice — such as rice-based snacks — or sweetened with brown rice syrup — such as some brands of cereal bars. Infant urine samples were collected beginning in 2013 along with a 3-day food diary.

Researchers found that 80 per cent of the 759 infants were introduced to rice cereal in the first year of life with most (64 per cent) starting at 4 to 6 months of age. At 12 months, 43 per cent reported eating some type of rice product in the past week; 13 per cent ate white rice and 10 per cent ate brown rice at an average of one to two servings per week. About 24 per cent of infants ate food made with rice or sweetened rice syrup in the past week at an average of five to six servings per week. Based on information recorded in food diaries two days before urine sample collection, 71 infants (55 per cent) consumed some type of rice product in the prior two days.

Results indicated that arsenic concentrations were higher among infants who ate rice — or foods mixed with rice — compared with infants who ate no rice. Also, total urinary arsenic concentrations were twice as high among infants who ate white or brown rice compared with those who ate no rice. The highest urinary arsenic concentrations were seen among infants who ate baby rice cereal. It was nearly double for those who ate rice snacks compared with those who ate no rice.

The study was published in the journal JAMA Pediatrics.

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Video game addiction linked to ADHD, depression in men

Depression, ADHD, OCD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, video game addiction, addiction, mental health, coping mechanism, psychiatric disorders, mental health, mental disorder

Video game addiction may function as an escape mechanism for — or coping with — underlying psychiatric disorders like depression, ADHD and OCD. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

Addiction to video games in young, single men may function as an escape mechanism for underlying psychiatric disorders such as ADHD and depression, a new study suggests.

“Video game addiction is more prevalent among younger men, and among those not being in a current relationship, than others,” said Cecilie Schou Andreassen, from the University of Bergen in Norway. Schou Andreassen carried out the study with more than 20,000 participants who answered questions related to video game addiction.

The study showed that video game addiction appears to be associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression. “Excessively engaging in gaming may function as an escape mechanism for — or coping with — underlying psychiatric disorders in an attempt to alleviate unpleasant feelings and to calm restless bodies,” said Schou Andreassen.

The study shows some clear tendencies as to which people develop addictive use of social media, researchers said. “The study implies that younger men with some of these characteristics could be targeted regarding preventing development of an unhealthy gaming pattern,” said Schou Andreassen.

The study also showed that addiction related to video games and computer activities exhibit sex differences. “Men seem generally more likely to become addicted to online gaming, gambling and cyber-pornography, while women to social media, texting and online shopping,” Schou Andreassen said.

The study was published in the journal Psychology of Addictive Behaviours.

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Flu vaccines more effective if given in morning: Study

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By shifting the time of administering vaccinations to the morning, their efficiency can be improved with no extra cost to the health service. (Source: Pixabay)

Flu vaccinations are more effective and induce greater protective antibody responses when administered in the morning rather than the afternoon, a new study has claimed.

Researchers analysed 24 general practices between 2011 and 2013 in a cluster-randomised trial during the annual UK influenza vaccination programme. As many as 276 adults — aged over 65 years — were vaccinated against three strains of influenza either in morning surgeries (9-11am) or afternoon surgeries (3-5pm).

In two of the three given influenza virus strains, those in the morning cohort saw a significantly larger increase in antibody concentration one month following vaccination when compared with those in the afternoon cohort, researchers said. In the third strain, there was no significant difference between morning and afternoon, they said.

“We know that there are fluctuations in immune responses throughout the day and wanted to examine whether this would extend to the antibody response to vaccination,” said Anna Phillips from University of Birmingham. “Being able to see that morning vaccinations yield a more efficient response will not only help in strategies for flu vaccination, but might provide clues to improve vaccination strategies more generally,” said Phillips.

The influenza virus is responsible for between 250,000 and 500,000 deaths each year worldwide, researchers said. The age-related decline in immunity reduces the ability of older adults to produce adequate antibody responses following vaccination, compromising the given protection, they said. “A significant amount of resource is used to try and prevent flu infection each year — particularly in older adults — but less than half make enough antibody to be fully protected,” said Janet Lord from University of Birmingham.

“Our results suggest that by shifting the time of those vaccinations to the morning we can improve their efficiency with no extra cost to the health service,” said Lord.

The findings were published in the journal Vaccine.

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Health Tip: Help Prevent High Blood Pressure

Check your readings often

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Health Tip: Managing Varicose Veins

Take steps to improve leg circulation

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E-cigarettes may do more benefit than harm: Experts

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The evidence suggests a strong potential for e-cigarettes use to improve population health by reducing or displacing cigarette use in countries where cigarette prevalence is still high and smokers are interested in quitting. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

A team of international tobacco control experts has found that use of e-cigarettes can reduce overall smoking as well as potentially decrease the mortality rates particularly arising out of cigarette smoking.

The findings showed that e-cigarettes have the potential to counteract health risks and may do more benefit than harm.

Also, the evidence suggests a strong potential for e-cigarettes use to improve population health by reducing or displacing cigarette use in countries where cigarette prevalence is still high and smokers are interested in quitting.

“While e-cigarettes may act as a gateway to smoking, much of the evidence indicates that e-cigarette use encourages cessation from cigarettes by those people who would have otherwise smoked with or without e-cigarettes,” said lead researcher David Levy, professor at Georgetown University in the US.

However, the experts’ estimated that exclusive e-cigarette use is associated with about five percent of the mortality risks of smoking.

Research shows that cigarette smoking rates have fallen more in the last two years than they have in the previous four or five years in the US, Canada and England, and that this trend has coincided with the increase in e-cigarette use.

“We believe that the discussion to date has been slanted against e-cigarettes, which is unfortunate, because the big picture tells us that these products appear to be used mostly by people who already are or who are likely to become cigarette smokers,” Levy added.

In the study, published online in the journal Addiction, seven top international tobacco control experts have prompted regulators at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to have a broad “open-minded” perspective when it comes to regulating vaporised nicotine products, especially e-cigarettes.

The team synthesised much of the evidence published to date on e-cigarettes to suggest that use of these products can lead to reduced cigarette smoking overall with a potential reduction in deaths from cigarette smoking.

The team also warned that heavy regulation and taxation of e-cigarettes will counteract the benefit that these products can provide.

“We don’t want to encourage e-cigarette use by youth and young adults who would not have otherwise smoked. However, the primary aim of tobacco control policy should be to discourage cigarette use while providing the means for smokers to more easily quit smoking, even if that means switching for some time to e-cigarettes rather than quitting all nicotine use,” the researchers noted.

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Study says diabetes can impair hearing

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The findings are based on a review of studies of possible linkages between Type-2 diabetes and hearing impairment. (Source: Thinkstock Images)

Diabetes can damage the auditory system, new research has found, suggesting that clinicians should include the testing of hearing in managing Type-2 diabetes.

The findings, published in the journal Current Diabetes Reports, are based on a review of studies of possible linkages between Type-2 diabetes and hearing impairment.

“An association between diabetes and hearing impairment in human subjects has been shown in many, but not all, studies. Direct comparison of these studies is complicated due to a lack of consistency in defining hearing impairment and other factors,” said one of the researchers Elizabeth Helzner, assistant professor at SUNY Downstate Medical Centre in New York.

“However, the association between diabetes and hearing impairment tends to be stronger in studies that included younger participants, perhaps because in older samples, other causes of age-related hearing impairment may mask the contribution of diabetes to the impairment,” Helzner noted.

“This factor in itself lends weight to the notion that Type-2 diabetes can damage hearing,” Helzner explained.

The researchers, however, added that well-designed longitudinal studies are necessary in order to explore whether patients with diabetes are at increased risk of early-onset hearing impairment, and whether the progression of hearing impairment varies based on diabetes status, as well as disease management factors, after taking other known contributors to hearing sensitivity into account.

Hearing impairment has been associated with social isolation and depression, cognitive decline and incident dementia, a higher propensity for falls and hospitalisations, and increased mortality.

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