Every drug or drug combo for type 2 disease has its benefits and risks, British team says
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Cross-country survey by CDC finds untimely meat slicer cleaning, which could sicken you
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It’s not yet clear if the rate will stabilize over the long-term, experts say
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However, study finds many people in parts of Asia and Africa still weigh too little
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But the research did not prove a cause-and-effect connection
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Discovery could help explain link between expectant moms’ tobacco use and kids’ health problems
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It might help predict speech and language recovery in those who suffer stroke in brain’s left side, researchers find
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Baricitinib helped patients who failed other treatments, researchers find
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Women who fasted less than 13 hours had 36 percent higher risk of cancer recurrence, researchers say
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Tests were done on mice, but need to be confirmed in humans, researchers say
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Australian researchers find possible link in large-scale study
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Biggest declines seen for Hispanics and blacks, researchers say
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Study detected about 61,000 more online searches and tweets on quitting smoking that day
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Suggestions to avoid getting sick
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What you should do before you leave
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Vegetarian diet has led to a mutation that may make people more susceptible to inflammation, increased risk of heart disease and colon cancer.
Long term vegetarian diet can lead to a genetic mutation that may increase the risk of cancer and heart disease in Indians, a new study by Cornell University researchers has claimed.
Scientists found evidence that a vegetarian diet has led to a mutation that may make people more susceptible to inflammation, and by association, increased risk of heart disease and colon cancer.
The discovery by researchers including Kumar Kothapalli from Cornell University in US provides the first evolutionary detective work that traces a higher frequency of a particular mutation to a primarily vegetarian population from Pune (about 70 per cent), when compared to a traditional meat-eating American population, made up of mostly Kansans (less than 20 per cent).
By using reference data from the 1000 Genomes Project, researchers provided evolutionary evidence that the vegetarian diet, over many generations, may have driven the higher frequency of a mutation in the Indian population.
The mutation, called rs66698963 and found in the FADS2 gene, is an insertion or deletion of a sequence of DNA that regulates the expression of two genes, FADS1 and FADS2. These genes are key to making long chain polyunsaturated fats, researchers said.
Among these, arachidonic acid is a key target of the pharmaceutical industry because it is a central culprit for those at risk for heart disease, colon cancer, and many other inflammation-related conditions, they said.
Treating individuals according to whether they carry 0, 1, or 2 copies of the insertion, and their influence on fatty acid metabolites, can be an important consideration for precision medicine and nutrition.
The insertion mutation may be favoured in populations subsisting primarily on vegetarian diets and possibly populations having limited access to diets rich in polyunsaturated fats, especially fatty fish, researchers said.
“With little animal food in the diet, the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids must be made metabolically from plant PUFA precursors,” researchers said.
“The physiological demand for arachidonic acid, as well as omega-3 EPA and DHA, in vegetarians is likely to have favoured genetics that support efficient synthesis of these key metabolites,” they said.
Changes in the dietary omega-6 to omega-3 balance may contribute to the increase in chronic disease seen in some
developing countries, researchers said.
The findings were published in the journal Molecular Biology and Evolution.
One donor supplied a kidney to one patient and a liver to another patient
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‘Pulses’ like these may help dieters feel fuller and reduce food cravings, new analysis shows
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Women will have an easier time accessing mifepristone
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But odds are small, and experts want it to remain on market, although newer drugs are available
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Liver condition is rare, but deadly
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Study finds lower relapse rate associated with naltrexone, but long-term use recommended
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Dutch trial is latest to show no benefit from extended treatment, but finding unlikely to end the controversy
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But agency still asks those who’ve possibly been exposed to the virus to forgo giving blood right now
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Many skip food and health care, cut back work hours or quit jobs to care for loved ones, survey shows
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Discussions must go way beyond treatments and deal with the patient’s sense of peace, experts say
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Protein on fetal stem cells provides pathway for Zika; discovery might lead to infection-blocking drugs, researchers say
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Researchers say they found gene variants that boost the risk for marijuana dependence
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Vasalgel — a potential durable and reversible competitor of condoms — produces a very rapid long-lasting contraceptive effect due to its unique hydrogel properties. If tested effective for humans, it means a possibility of protected condom-free sex for up to a year. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
The long wait for a durable — and yet reversible — male contraceptive may finally come to an end soon as researchers have found that a single injection of a new contraceptive called Vasalgel can provide males condom-free sex for a year.
Men currently have few options for reproductive control — including condoms and vasectomy. While condoms are widely available and useful in preventing disease when used correctly, they have an 18 per cent yearly pregnancy rate in typical use. Vasectomy is effective, but must generally be considered permanent. There are no long-acting, reversible contraceptives currently available for men.
In preclinical trials with rabbits, the researchers confirmed that the contraceptive effect of Vasalgel was durable over the 12 month study period. “Results from our study in rabbits were even better than expected,” said lead author of the study Donald Waller, professor at University of Illinois at Chicago, US.
“Vasalgel produces a very rapid contraceptive effect which lasted throughout the study due to its unique hydrogel properties. These features are important considerations for a contraceptive product to be used in humans,” Waller noted.
The findings were published in the journal Basic and Clinical Andrology.
Vasalgel — developed by US-based non-profit company Parsemus Foundation — consists of styrene-alt-maleic acid (SMA) dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide and could be the first long-acting, non-hormonal, potentially reversible male contraceptive to reach market, the researchers said.
After the gel was injected into the duct — which conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra, the vas deferens — of 12 rabbits, semen analysis revealed that 11 rabbits were azoospermic — having no quantifiable sperm in their semen at all. One rabbit had a few samples with very small numbers of sperm before also becoming azoospermic.
Human trial for Vasalgel is scheduled to begin later this year, the developers said.
“Contraceptive development is a hugely expensive project. But, this is not just another early-stage lead. We’re so close on this one. It’s time to finish the job we’ve started,” Elaine Lissner, executive director of Parsemus Foundation said.
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Going on a fruit diet for just a day may have some benefits, but going on an all-fruit diet for life can lead to nutrient deficiencies. (Photo: Flickr/Heyjojomojo)
A few years ago, Hollywood actor Ashton Kutcher was in the news when he followed an all-fruit diet for a month in preparation for a new film based on Steve Jobs.
Many people switch over to an all fruit diet believing that it is the original diet followed by Adam and Eve and adapting to such a diet is a more holistic approach to living and a simpler way of life. In theory it sounds very simple and you may wonder what could possibly go wrong by eating fruits that nature provides us. One may argue that since it is a natural food that requires no cooking, it must be ideal. However it is actually not such a great plan nutritionally and can actually harm you in the long run.
What being fruitarian means?
Fruitarians include only fruits of different kinds, nuts; seeds and dried fruits.They try to make sure that 75% of their daily intake is made of only raw fruits.
What is missing in an all fruit diet?
Our diet must include foods from each of the five food groups as each group provides certain nutrients in the body. Fruits can only provide some energy from carbohydrates, fibre and certain antioxidant vitamins and minerals in small quantities. When fruits supplement your normal diet they enhance the nutrient value, but fruits alone cannot help meet the daily needs of the body. Fruits do not contain proteins essential for building and repairing the tissues of the body and nor do they supply Vitamin B12,calcium,Vitamin D,iodine,zinc or omega 3 fatty acids all of which are essential for the body.
Besides the nutritional inadequacy of such a diet, from the practical point of view too, such an eating plan can become very restrictive and extremely monotonous and repetitive.
So should you consider it?
Going on an all fruit plan for just a day can actually have some benefits if you want to try it as a kind of a detox to just give your system a rest. It can especially have great benefits if you are constipated or just want to work on your will power to control your cravings.However do it for just one day in a week or 10 days. Do not go overboard.
Eating two fruits a day as snacks between your meals is a great idea. (Photo: Flickr/Christopher Fynn)
1 day fruit Detox
* Start the day with 1-2 glasses of plain water
* If you can avoid tea or coffee it would be ideal. However, if you are someone who develops a headache you can allow yourself a cup
* Breakfast can include a bowl of papaya along with an orange and a few nuts and seeds ie 3-5 pieces of walnuts and almonds with 1 tsp of sunflower or pumpkin seeds
* Mid morning you can sip on a glass of coconut water
* At lunch time, you could make yourself a platter of different fruits. Make sure you include one starchy fruit like banana or custard apple along with a combination of two or three other fruits you like. A starchy fruit will help prevent acidity that can develop because of the sudden change in intake
* In the evening, you can sip on green tea or a glass of lime juice with another seasonal fruit of your choice
* At dinner, you can have a normal meal starting with a soup and salad along with brown rice and a pulse or even 1-2 chapatis with a pulse and a vegetable
* Skipping dinner can actually backfire as you may end up with hunger pangs that don’t allow you to sleep.
To summarize, eating two fruits a day as snacks between your meals is a great idea. Going on a one-day fruit diet until dinner once in 10 days may help you improve your digestion. However, going on an all-fruit diet can lead to nutrient deficiencies and can actually put your body in a starvation mode, which actually makes fat storage easier by lowering your metabolism. Change your lifestyle for the better by making healthier choices instead of following the next big fad!
Despite critics’ fears, serving breakfast at kids’ desks has not increased obesity rates, study finds
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Newly-Insured Under Obamacare Have Higher Health Care Costs: Report /div
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Warning signs you shouldn’t ignore include changes in sleep habits
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You can start by composting
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Surgically-induced menopause prior to natural menopause may increase risk of heart disease in women suffering from endometriosis — a condition of extremely painful periods caused by abnormal growth of the uterine tissue — and this elevated risk may be more evident at younger ages. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Young women with heavy and painful periods due to a disorder called endometriosis — abnormal growth of uterine tissue — are three times as likely to develop heart attack compared to those without the disorder, says a study. In endometriosis — which is also associated with infertility — tissue that normally lines the inside of the uterus grows outside of it.
“Women with endometriosis should be aware that they may be at higher risk for heart disease compared to women without endometriosis — and this increased risk may be highest when they are young,” said the study’s lead author Fan Mu from Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, US.
The findings were published in the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.
An estimated 6-10 per cent of women of reproductive age have endometriosis — but exact numbers are unknown since it cannot be diagnosed without surgery — the study pointed out.
For the study, the researchers reviewed the records of 1,16,430 women enrolled in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Endometriosis was diagnosed using surgical examinations in 11,903 women by end of follow-up.
During 20 years of follow-up, the researchers found that — compared to women without endometriosis — women with the condition were 1.52 times more likely to have a heart attack and 1.91 times more likely to develop angina or chest pain. Moreover, women — aged 40 or younger with endometriosis — were three times as likely to develop heart attack, chest pain or need treatment for blocked arteries, compared to women without endometriosis in the same age group.
Researchers noted that surgical treatment of endometriosis — removal of the uterus or ovaries — may partly account for the increased risk of heart disease. Surgically-induced menopause prior to natural menopause may increase risk of heart disease and this elevated risk may be more evident at younger ages, the study said.
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Think twice before pulling off another night-over. Good sleep shares surprising similarities with meditation in the way it helps in flushing out toxins from the brain, regulates mind-body connection and memory formation and retention. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
We spend one-third of our life sleeping. There must be a good reason why nature makes us sleep for this long. A large number of studies all over the world has shown the beneficial effects of good sleep.
Sleep deprivation — on the other hand — results in impairment of judgement, depression, heart problems, obesity and drastic reduction in general well-being of an individual. In an extreme case, sleep deprivation has also resulted in death through heart failure. In fact, the first sign of sickness is fretful sleep.
How lack of sleep produces ill health has remained a mystery. Now, slowly, scientific investigations are solving this puzzle.
One of the accepted theories so far has been that sleep helps in both consolidation and removal of memories. We perceive the world during the day through our senses and it results in memory formation — both shallow and deep. Sleep, it seems, helps in consolidating and removing some of these memories, thereby uncluttering the brain.
Another recent, but fascinating, theory — backed by experiments — has shown that sleep helps in flushing out toxic protein waste and biological debris from the brain, formed during waking hours. It seems that during sleep, the relaxation of brain helps in opening up the channels through which the debris flow into the blood stream and are removed from it. Studies have also shown that sleep helps flush out harmful protein plaque — beta amyloid — which is responsible for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s and dementia.
Thus, good sleep is extremely essential for a healthy brain and body.
The build-up of toxins in the brain due to inadequate sleep also affects the body. Though there is very little understanding of how this happens, a probable cause is the passage of this information by the vagus nerve to different parts of the body. Scientific investigations have also shown that information of any slight change in the brain chemistry is transmitted to various organs by the vagus nerve — which plays an important part in keeping the brain and body in unison. As the brain starts getting affected by the debris build-up, the message via vagus nerve to various organs might be to slow them down — resulting in their lethargic action.
Just like deep sleep, meditation also enables dissolution of memories. In fact, deep sleep and meditation have similar characteristics and it is quite possible that during meditation the flushing of toxins from the brain may also take place. A possible mechanism could be that since meditation results in the relaxation of brain, it may help in opening up the channels for flushing off the chemical debris.
Memory is formed both by producing new neural pathways and certain chemical changes in the brain. Memory removal therefore is affected by changes in both these mechanisms. In deep meditation — where the focus is on a single thought for a long time, also called Sanyam — new neural pathways are formed and the old ones get dissolved. This dissolution may have a chemical signature thereby producing toxic debris which need to be flushed out.
How can we induce good sleep? Generally, when the body is healthy and the person follows a good exercise regime, then this helps to produce deep sleep. Production of deep sleep can also be helped by meditation. Studies world over have shown that long term practice of meditation helps in toning both the mind and body.
A good meditation practice to follow for quickly falling asleep is to close the eyes and focus attention onto the center of forehead. This can be done just before going to sleep and also when one wakes up at night and has difficulty in falling asleep again.
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These drugs won’t prevent or effectively treat the condition, review suggests
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Additional funding would make medication-based treatment one of several priorities
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Harvard poll shows they don’t know how virus spreads or how it affects health
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Gynecological condition may boost heart risk 60 percent; even more in young women, research suggests
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1 in 5 kids develop a serious problem but many go years without treatment, psychiatrist says
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Finding could eventually lead to unisex birth control, or infertility treatments, researchers say
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Researchers consider ways to manage patients’ care effectively and rein in the cost
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Utah First State To Require Anesthesia During Abortion Gerber Recalls Organic 2nd Foods Pouches /div
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Patients may not tell their doctors that they’re feeling depressed, so it’s a good idea for physicians to screen their patients proactively for depression and related conditions. (Photo: Thinkstock)
Children with Cushing syndrome — a metabolic disorder caused by high levels of the stress hormone cortisol — may be at higher risk for suicide as well as for depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions long after their disease has been successfully treated, says a study.
Cushing’s syndrome may be caused by tumours of the adrenal glands or other parts of the body that produce excess cortisol. It also may be caused by a pituitary tumour that stimulates the adrenal glands to produce high cortisol levels.
Treatment usually involves stopping excess cortisol production by removing the tumour. Long-term complications of the syndrome include obesity, diabetes, bone fractures, high blood pressure, kidney stones and serious infections.
“Our results indicate that physicians who care for young people with Cushing syndrome should screen their patients for depression-related mental illness after the underlying disease has been successfully treated,” said the study’s senior author Constantine Stratakis NIH’s Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, US National Institutes of Health (NIH).
“Patients may not tell their doctors that they’re feeling depressed, so it’s a good idea for physicians to screen their patients proactively for depression and related conditions,” Stratakis said.
Cushing syndrome may affect both adults and children.
For the study, the researchers reviewed the case histories of all children and youth treated for Cushing syndrome at NIH from 2003 to 2014, a total of 149 patients.
The researchers found that, months after treatment, nine children (roughly six percent) had thoughts of suicide and experienced outbursts of anger and rage, depression, irritability and anxiety. Of these, seven experienced symptoms within seven months of their treatment.
Two others began experiencing symptoms at least 48 months after treatment.
The authors noted that children with Cushing syndrome often develop compulsive behaviours and tend to become over-achievers in school. After treatment, however, they then become depressed and anxious.
This is in direct contrast to adults with Cushing syndrome, who tend to become depressed and anxious before treatment and gradually overcome these symptoms after treatment, the study said.
Researchers estimate toll of dirty air that triggers early birth can exceed $4 billion a year
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Consumer Reports survey shows patients think they should be told, but the information just isn’t really public
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They’re loaded with vitamins
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Distract yourself from worries
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Fatal strokes seven times more likely if drugs to control blood pressure, cholesterol aren’t taken as prescribed
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Italian trial finds the therapy was also linked to better quality of life among women in the study
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Compared to doctor’s office, morning readings at home better assessed odds of trouble, study finds
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Open arms and stretched torso appeal to the opposite sex when speed dating or looking online, study contends
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Tell-tale protein can be found in blood as long as a week after a head injury, research suggests
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Public health challenges will mount with 1.6 billion people worldwide age 65 or older, study suggests
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The regimen seemed to provide a slight benefit, researchers say
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Opt for a healthier choice
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Consider if arches are flat or high
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They and their families should make choice based on preference, researchers say
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Just under half of U.S. babies have them in first year now, compared to 60 percent in ‘80s and '90s
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FDA Delays Menu Calorie Content Rules Again Tribeca Film Festival Pulls Controversial Vaccine/Autism Documentary /div
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The study found that while consuming a lower calorie diet with a higher amount of protein, sleep quality improves for middle-age adults. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Overweight middle-aged adults losing weight with a protein-rich diet are more likely to sleep better, than those who are losing weight consuming a normal quantity of proteins, say a new study.
“Most research looks at the effects of sleep on diet and weight control, and our research flipped that question to ask what are the effects of weight loss and diet — specifically the amount of protein — on sleep,” said Wayne Campbell from Purdue University in the US.
“We found that while consuming a lower calorie diet with a higher amount of protein, sleep quality improves for middle-age adults. This sleep quality is better compared to those who lost the same amount of weight while consuming a normal amount of protein,” Campbell added in a paper published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.
The study analysed 44 overweight or obese participants who consumed either a normal-protein or a higher-protein weight loss diet. The participants completed a survey to rate the quality of their sleep every month throughout the study. The findings showed that those who consumed more protein while losing weight reported an improvement in sleep quality after three and four months of dietary intervention.
“Short sleep duration and compromised sleep quality frequently lead to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and premature death,” said study’s first author Jing Zhou. “Given the high prevalence of sleep problems it’s important to know how changes to diet and lifestyle can help improve sleep,” Zhou stated.
“This research adds sleep quality to the growing list of positive outcomes of higher-protein intake while losing weight and those other outcomes include promoting body fat loss, retention of lean body mass and improvements in blood pressure,” Campbell said.
(Photo: Thinkstock)
The hashtag #A4waist was recently trending online. In a bizarre skinny craze, women in China were posting images of their waists completely hidden behind a vertical sheet of A4 paper (which measures 8.27 inches wide and 11.69 inches long). Even by today’s obscenely high expectations for slimness an A4 sheet is a daunting standard for a waist, considering the circumference of a normal weighted 13-year-old girl is 22 inches.
The narrow silhouette has been a standard of beauty in China since the Han dynasty 2,000 years ago, along with a protruding collar bone and a fragile long neck. Legend has it that the King of Chu who ruled in 540 BC had a penchant for very small waists and apparently half his cabinet starved to death. The aesthetic ideal of the Chinese has always verged on the impossible. Even now, the country’s most famous luxury brand Shanghai Tang caters to a scandalously slender frame; most of us can only gaze longingly at their gorgeously subtle designs. However, the truth is that women everywhere in the world secretly put a huge value on extreme thinness. This is evident by the thousands of bemoaning truisms on weight that abound, my personal favourite being: “God, if you can’t make me thin please make my friends fat.”
The A4 fad is comparatively less weird than a well-known 2011 study published in the American Journal of Public Health, where a majority of women polled said they’d prefer to be alcoholics or depressed, than be overweight. One in six women said they would prefer to be blind than obese. I randomly quizzed a friend who said she’d definitely prefer feeling low to being chubby (“because if I’m fat I’ll be unhappy in any case”). Mercifully, she drew the line at losing her vision but not before asking whether it meant both eyes. Maybe a solution to this alarming overreaction is to forcibly blindfold them for a few days, just to keep their kilos in perspective.
Fashion brands have cashed in on our collective desire for sylph-like waifness after figuring out that the smaller the size that fits, the more likely a consumer is to buy it. So the good and bad news is now, anybody can be a size zero. Many European high-street brands have simply (or deviously), changed sizing numbers to make people feel better about themselves. Size S in Zara is a 0 in Gap and a 38 in Mango. The answer to the age-old question, does size matter, is a resounding yes, but only in a superficial sense in the twisted interiors of our heads. At the same time, body image is a hot topic and there have been many determined efforts to change beauty ideals. As the world gets larger, fat has become a politically incorrect word. Even Barbie comes in three different sizes now: petite, tall and curvy to more accurately reflect the differences in peoples’ sizes. In the swimsuit edition of the latest Sports Illustrated there are a few plus-size models in bathing suits, a somewhat reluctant acknowledgment that big can be beautiful. But we’re a long way away from when people will not laugh in ironic agreement to lines like the ones Emily Blunt speaks in The Devil Wears Prada: “I’m just one stomach flu away from my ideal weight.”
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They’re less likely to engage in harmful behaviors, but many shelters won’t accept animals
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Cataract is a common condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy as a result of oxidation over time. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Eating a diet rich in vitamin C may slow the progression of cataract — a condition that may lead to blindness, reveals a study, adding that environmental factors and diet also influence cataract more than genetic factors.
The findings showed that those participants who had a higher intake of vitamin C were associated with a 33 per cent risk reduction of cataract progression and had “clearer” lenses 10 years after the study than those who had consumed less vitamin C as part of their diet.
“The findings of this study could have significant impact, particularly for the ageing population globally, by suggesting that simple dietary changes such as increased intake of fruit and vegetables as part of a healthier diet could help protect them from cataracts,” said lead study author Chris Hammond from the Kings College London.
“While we cannot avoid getting older, diabetes and smoking are also risk factors for this type of cataract, and so a healthy balanced diet and lifestyle generally should reduce the risk of needing a cataract operation,” Hammond added.
Cataract is a common condition in which the lens of the eye becomes cloudy as a result of oxidation over time. The study, published in the journal Ophthalmology, looked at the progression of cataracts in the eyes of 324 pairs of female twins over 10 years by examining photographs of the participant’s lenses that allowed them to analyse the level of opacity of the lens in detail.
Participant intake of vitamin C was also measured using a food questionnaire. The study found that environmental factors — including diet — influenced cataract more than genetic factors, which only explained a third of the change in lens opacity. It is thought that increased intake of vitamin C has a protective effect on cataract progression by increasing the vitamin C available in the eye fluid.
“The human body cannot manufacture vitamin C, so we depend on vitamins in the food we eat. We did not find a significantly reduced risk in people who took vitamin tablets, so it seems that a healthy diet is better than supplements,” added study’s first author Kate Yonova-Doing.
Study shows the more teens specialize, the greater the risk of knee and hip problems
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The toxoplasma gondii parasite may change brain chemistry in a fashion that increases the risk of aggressive behaviour. (Photo: Thinkstock)
People infected with a common brain parasite transmitted through the feces of infected cats, undercooked meat or contaminated water may be at increased risk of getting involved in road rage, new research suggests.
In a study involving 358 adults, the researchers found that toxoplasmosis, a relatively harmless parasitic infection carried by an estimated 30 percent of all humans, is associated with intermittent explosive disorder and increased aggression.
“Our work suggests that latent infection with the toxoplasma gondii parasite may change brain chemistry in a fashion that increases the risk of aggressive behaviour,” said senior study author Emil Coccaro, professor at University of Chicago.
“However, we do not know if this relationship is causal, and not everyone that tests positive for toxoplasmosis will have aggression issues,” Coccaro added.
The findings were published in the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry.
Transmitted through the feces of infected cats, undercooked meat or contaminated water, toxoplasmosis is typically latent and harmless for healthy adults.
However, it is known to reside in brain tissue, and has been linked to several psychiatric diseases.
Examining 358 adults from the US, the researchers found that those with higher on scores on anger and aggression were more than twice as likely to test positive for toxoplasmosis exposure.
“Correlation is not causation, and this is definitely not a sign that people should get rid of their cats,” study co-author Royce Lee, associate professor of psychiatry and behavioural neuroscience at University of Chicago, pointed out.
“We don’t yet understand the mechanisms involved–it could be an increased inflammatory response, direct brain modulation by the parasite, or even reverse causation where aggressive individuals tend to have more cats or eat more undercooked meat,” Lee noted.
Men with known infection from the virus should wait 6 months before condom-free sex, agency says
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While 99 percent exceed the recommended 3-day dosage limit, a quarter write prescriptions for a full month
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Finding points to missed chances to intervene before it’s too late, researcher says
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Lieutenant Colonel B V Rao
Head, Opthalmology Department
Military Hospital Kirkee
A few years ago, a 60-year-old veteran met with a near fatal road accident. The accident caused severe injury to his spinal cord, which left him paralysed from the neck down. It also caused multiple injuries to his face, which necessitated cutting open his wind pipe for breathing, and mutilated his left eye, which had to be removed. Multiple surgeries and diligent nursing care over several months, at The Spinal Cord Injury Centre in the Military Hospital Kirkee, ultimately saved this patient. Then came the question of ‘life-after’’.
Just when he and his family were preparing for the fact that he would have to spend the rest of his life in a wheel chair, along with losing the ability to speak, the vision in his right eye started blurring. Consultation with an eye specialist revealed the presence of an advanced cataract.
Cataract surgery, though common, became a matter of life and death for this survivor. The ophthalmologist and his team faced the challenge of moving him and positioning him for pre/intra/post- operative evaluation/manoeuvres. Right from the pre-op evaluation, through the surgery and the post-op evaluation, the challenge was in moving and positioning the patient without manipulating his neck and head and then doing a swift, thorough and precise job.
It had to be a zero-error surgery and post-op visits had to be as few as possible. The team at the hospital managed to conduct this ‘high-stakes’ surgery successfully, overcoming all challenges with concerted effort, a disabled-friendly attitude and infrastructure. A multi-disciplinary and multi-pronged approach, with perseverance and dedication by all the care-givers, family members, surgeons, nurses and physical therapists have made this veteran’s survival meaningful. He now moves around cheerfully on his wheel-chair.
Our immune system protects us from various diseases. However, at times it goes into an overdrive and attacks the body itself, leading to tissue destruction and degenerative diseases, referred to as autoimmune diseases.
Autoimmune disorders include multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma, Graves’ disease, chronic thyroiditis, celiac disease, Crohn’s disease etc.
Autoimmune problems have a strong genetic predisposition but triggers may include excessive exposure to sun, infections, drugs or other conditions.
The question of whether a person’s diet influences his autoimmunity has been the subject of many unresolved debates. Interestingly, growing evidence indicates a role of the diet in preventing, delaying or reversing the expression of genetically determined autoimmune diseases.
Several studies have tried to establish the role of individual nutrients and dietary factors in autoimmune disorders.
As the gut is a major site of many complex interactions, which control immunity, it is the largest interface between an individual and his environment and therefore, provides the largest exposure for immune building micro-organisms and exposure to toxins and allergens. Strengthening the age-old adage, we are what we eat.
Over the past years, evidence has supported a major role for specific dietary factors including vitamin D, vitamin A, selenium, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, pro-biotics, glutamine (an amino acid) and flavanols (plant chemicals which protect against disease) in influencing autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, the effects of deficiency of vitamin D may extend beyond bone health and calcium balance. It has now been associated with increased autoimmunity and increased susceptibility to infections. Associations between vitamin D and autoimmune diseases have been confirmed in multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Recent studies also indicate that vitamin A is a potent immuno-regulator and can be instrumental in the prevention of intestinal inflammation and autoimmunity.
Certain kinds of fats have also been found to be useful in preventing and modulating auto-immune diseases. Several studies have shown that diets high in omega-3 fatty acids, the kind of fat found in fish, and flaxseeds have a role in reducing the risk and treating autoimmune diseases. Omega-3 fatty acids not only prevent heart disease but may also reduce the risk of autoimmunity. Further, it has been reported that a combination of omega-3 fatty acids and calorie restriction may be a more effective than omega-3 alone.
Dietary modification has shown its greatest beneficial effect when started prior to or immediately after the onset of disease. Also a golden rule, the old age principle of balance prevails. Optimum but balanced food intake maintains healthy growth and a disease-free lifespan.
Autoimmunity is complex and multi-factorial in nature. The role of nutrients including minerals, trace elements, antioxidants and fats needs to be further explored. In the future, diets, dietary supplements and feeding practices may become an integral part of prevention and treatment.
Behaviors prior to conception influence pregnancy loss
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Dealing with red tape consumes clinicians’ time, poses danger to patients, researchers say
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Outside activity feels less like a chore when the weather is warm, expert suggests
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Comedian Garry Shandling Dies at 66 New ACL Repair Method Shows Promise Medicare May Soon Cover Program to Help Prevent Diabetes /div
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Decision not to operate might be matter of personal preference, researchers say
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The farther a patient has to travel for radiation therapy, the less likely it will happen, study finds
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Limit their choices and distractions and always keep safety uppermost, expert advises
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Depression treatment cut urge to restrict food, study says
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Booster shot every 30 years would protect as well as every 10 years, and save money, researchers contend
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Children with antibiotic exposure have a 1.2 percent absolute and 25 percent relative increase in the risk of early childhood obesity. (Photo: Thinkstock)
Administration of three or more courses of antibiotics before a child reaches the age of two is linked to increased risk of early childhood obesity, says a new study.
“Antibiotics have been used to promote weight gain in livestock for several decades and our research confirms that antibiotics have the same effect in humans,” said Frank Irving Scott from University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
“Our results do not imply that antibiotics should not be used when necessary, but rather encourage both physicians and parents to think twice about antibiotic usage in infants in the absence of well-established indications,” Scott added in the paper published in the journal Gastroenterology.
The researchers performed a large population-representative cohort study in the Britain to assess the association between antibiotic exposure before age 2 and obesity at the age of 4 years.
The findings showed that children with antibiotic exposure had a 1.2 percent absolute and 25 percent relative increase in the risk of early childhood obesity.
Risk was strongest when considering repeat exposures to antibiotics, particularly with three or more courses.
“Our work supports the theory that antibiotics may progressively alter the composition and function of the gut microbiome, thereby predisposing children to obesity as is seen in livestock and animal models,” Scott explained.
Antibiotics are prescribed during an estimated 49 million pediatric outpatient visits per year in the US.
A large portion of these prescriptions (more than 10 million annually) are written for children without clear indication, despite increased awareness of the societal risks of antibiotic resistance, as well as other tangible risks, including dermatologic, allergic and infectious complications; inflammatory bowel disease; and autoimmune conditions.
Further research is required to assess whether these findings remain into adolescence and young adulthood, as well as to determine if early antibiotic usage leads to later-onset obesity.
Watch naps and caffeine
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A simplified age-based vaccination plan can help adults remain protected against tetanus and diphtheria for at least 30 years without the need for further booster shots. (Photo: Thinkstock)
A team of US researchers has challenged the convention that tetanus and diphtheria vaccine boosters need to be administered every 10 years. Instead they have recommended that adult vaccination should be scheduled every 30 years.
“We have always been told to get a tetanus shot every 10 years, but actually, there is very little data to prove or disprove that timeline,” said Mark K. Slifka, professor at Oregon Health & Science University.
The study, which looked at the levels of immunity among 546 adults, showed that the antibodies lasted much longer than previously believed.
However, the researchers proposed that a simplified age-based vaccination plan could be designed to involve a single vaccination at age 30 and again at age 60.
The analysis showed that adults would remain protected against tetanus and diphtheria for at least 30 years without the need for further booster shots, after completing the standard five-dose childhood vaccination series.
Further, the 30-year schedule would reduce the costs of vaccination by two-thirds, a reduction of approximately $280 million per year in health care costs, and approximately $1 billion in cost savings within four years.
Vaccination against tetanus and diphtheria has resulted in a significant decline in the incidence of these two serious diseases. Deaths attributable to tetanus have declined 99 percent since the pre-vaccine era, and diphtheria is virtually nonexistent in the US.
Key is to get the nutrient from foods rather than a supplement, researchers say
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Study did not prove cause-and-effect, and researchers say more investigation is needed
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Study was conducted in Britain, but U.S. experts say similar results would be found in America
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New ACL Repair Method Shows Promise Medicare May Soon Cover Program to Help Prevent Diabetes /div
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Mouse study shows leptin disturbs communication between brain and insulin-producing pancreas
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People who nap more than 1 hour a day also more likely to develop type 2 diabetes, researchers say
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Goal is to identify and treat this mental health issue early
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Many unaware that implantable defibrillator can be turned off in final days
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They could help prevent diabetes
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Guidelines for safe exercise
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Those with intermittent explosive disorder more likely to have been exposed to toxoplasmosis, study finds
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Physically active seniors stayed mentally sharper than their sedentary peers
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Only 16 percent have been told by their doctor they have at least one sign of trouble
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Waiting too long for first medical apppointment after hospital discharge can have consequences, study finds
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But transplant experts say it’s an ethically loaded idea that needs much review
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But same may not be as true for male survivors
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Supreme Court Hearing on Employer Birth Control Coverage Law May Have Little Effect H-E-B Grocery Chain Recalls Canned Tuna /div
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Prozac actually appeared to protect against heart attack, researchers say
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But one marijuana advocate believes people who already have problems may often turn to the drug
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Study reinforces theory that estrogen may be why females suffer more ACL problems than males
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Here’s a list of ‘don'ts’
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It can help kids do better in school
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Japanese food can lead to reduction in cerebrovascular disease deaths. (Photo: Thinkstock)
Love sushi? Your craving for it is likely to help you live longer. According to a new study, close adherence to Japanese diet can reduce the risk of death from all causes and death from cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke.
The study suggests that strictly following the Japanese diet, which involves a balanced consumption of grains, vegetables, fruits, fish and meat, can contribute to a higher life expectancy.
In 2005, the Japanese government developed spinning top – a Japanese food guide – to illustrate the balance and quantity of food in the daily Japanese diet.
The results of the study showed that both men and women with higher scores on the food guide – which indicates better adherence – were found to have a 15 per cent lower total mortality rate over 15 years.
The lower mortality rate can be the result of a reduction in cerebrovascular disease deaths, the researchers pointed out.
Our findings suggest that balanced consumption of energy, grains, vegetables, fruits, meat, fish, eggs, soy products, dairy products, confectionaries, and alcoholic beverages can contribute to longevity by decreasing the risk of death, predominantly from cardiovascular disease, explained Kayo Kurotani, researcher at the National Centre for Global Health and Medicine in Japan.
The study, published by The BMJ, examines the relation between adherence to the food guide and total and cause specific mortality.
The team used data from detailed food and lifestyle questionnaires completed by 36,624 men and 42,920 women aged 45-75.
None of the participants had a history of cancer, stroke, heart disease or chronic liver disease – and each were followed for 15 years.
All participants also completed a questionnaire, a tool designed to measure depression status among the general population. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Even highly educated obese women have double the risk of depression compared with women of normal weight and same educational attainment, finds a new study.
“Previous research has shown an association of depression and obesity with low education, but we’re showing it also exists with women who have higher education as well,” said lead study author Ashley Kranjac from the Rice University in Houston, US. “I was surprised by the findings. Usually higher education is associated with all the good things, like higher income, better neighbourhoods, greater access to health care and better overall health and you’d never think education and obesity combined could have this effect on mental health,” Kranjac added.
The findings were published in the journal Obesity Research and Clinical Practice. The study examined 1,928 adult healthy women aged 35-80. The team used the standard weight categories to define normal weight (BMI or bodymass index of 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25-29.9), obese I (30-34.9), obese II (35-39.9) and obese III (BMI greater than 39.9). The BMI classifications are related to body-fat levels and predict the likelihood of developing obesity-related health problems.
Trained professional interviewers took physical measurements for body-mass index and conducted standardised, in-person interviews. The detailed interviews included questions dealing with demographic traits, medical history, diet and several aspects of alcohol consumption throughout the person’s lifetime.
All participants also completed a questionnaire, a tool designed to measure depression status among the general population. The findings showed, obese I women’s odds of depressive symptoms were 43 percent higher than normal-weight women and the odds for obese II/ III women were approximately 57 percent higher than for women of normal weight.
“By studying this association in healthy women without other chronic diseases or disorders, we are better able to understand the associations between depression, increased weight status and the impact of educational attainment,” Kranjac noted.
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Even patients who have type 2 diabetes for up to 10 years can reverse their condition. (Photo: Thinkstock)
If you have been diagnosed with diabetes for 10 years or even longer than that, don’t give up hope as major improvement in blood sugar control is possible!
According to a new study, individuals who suffer from diabetes and successfully lose weight through a very low calorie diet, can reverse their condition and remain free of diabetes for the long term.
In addition, even patients who had type 2 diabetes for up to 10 years can also reverse their condition.
The findings showed that the fat, which accumulated in their pancreas, gets removed as a result of a low calorie diet and thus leads to the normal production of insulin.
“What we have shown is that it is possible to reverse your diabetes, even if you have had the condition for a long time, up to around 10 years,” said lead researcher Roy Taylor, professor at Newcastle University in Britain.
Individuals vary in how much weight they can carry without it seeming to affect their metabolism.
If a person gains more weight than what he or she personally can tolerate, then diabetes is triggered, but if they then lose that amount of weight then they go back to normal.
“The bottom line is that if a person really wants to get rid of their type 2 diabetes, they can lose weight, keep it off and return to normal,” Taylor maintained.
For the research, published in the journal Diabetes Care, 30 volunteers having type 2 diabetes for between six months and 23 years embarked on a diet of 600 to 700 calories a day.
Participants lost on average 14 kg. Over the next six months they did not regain any weight.
Overall 12 patients, who were having diabetes for less than 10 years, reversed their condition. Six months later they remained diabetes free.
Though the volunteers lost weight they remained overweight or obese but they had lost enough weight to remove the fat out of the pancreas and allow normal insulin production, the researchers pointed out.
The team was also able to identify in advance participants who would not respond to adequate weight loss by reversing their diabetes as at the start they had almost absent insulin production from the pancreas.
“This is good news for people who are very motivated to get rid of their diabetes. But it is too early to regard this as suitable for everyone,” Taylor concluded.
But one-third turn to Internet to choose physicians
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Factors studied included not smoking, eating right, exercising and keeping a low percentage of body fat
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Study found it bested cognitive behavioral therapy and usual care
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People with lighter locks have IQs equal to – and sometimes higher than – those with dark or red hair
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The researchers found that another drug was most effective for the treatment of pain and physical disability in osteoarthritis. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Paracetamol, a medication widely used to treat pain and fever, does not meet the minimum standard of clinical effectiveness in reducing pain or improving physical function in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis, says a study.
The findings, published in the journal The Lancet, are based on a large-scale analysis of pain-relief medication for osteoarthritis, the most common form of arthritis that often results in joint pain and stiffness. Taken on its own, paracetamol has no role in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis, irrespective of dose, the findings showed.
The researchers found that diclofenac 150mg/day, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), is the most effective short-term pain relief. However, they cautioned against long-term use of NSAIDs because of known side-effects. “Our results suggest that paracetamol at any dose is not effective in managing pain in osteoarthritis, but that certain NSAIDs are effective and can be used intermittently without paracetamol,” said one of the researchers Sven Trelle from University of Bern in Switzerland.
Worldwide, an estimated 9.6 per cent of men and 18 per cent of women over the age of 60 have osteoarthritis, a condition that can impair physical activity, which increases patients’ risk of obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and general ill-health. For the study, the researchers pooled data from 74 randomised trials published between 1980 and 2015. With data from a total of 58,556 patients with osteoarthritis, the study compared the effect of 22 different medical treatments and placebo on pain intensity and physical activity. The 22 treatments included various doses of paracetamol and seven different NSAIDs.
Also read: Are you suffering from pain in your knee joints? Here are simple ways to get relief
Paracetamol and NSAIDs are usually the first line treatment for mild to moderate pain management in osteoarthritis, but paracetamol is used more frequently in the long-term because of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal side effects associated with long-term NSAID use. The analysis found that all 22 preparations of medications, irrespective of dose, improved symptoms of pain compared with placebo.
Although some doses of paracetamol had a small effect on improving physical function and decreasing pain, the effect was only slightly better than placebo, and did not reach the minimum clinically important difference, the researchers said. In comparison, diclofenac at the maximum daily dose of 150 mg/day was most effective for the treatment of pain and physical disability in osteoarthritis, the study found. “We hope our study can help better inform doctors about how best to manage pain in this population,” Trelle said.
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