Though it can be placed in heart without surgery, unlike tradtional devices, some safety concerns remain
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To reduce your risk, take a break, stand up and walk around while watching, researcher suggests
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Four out of 10 high schoolers with medical conditions used one or both in past year, study found
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Study finds an association, but can’t prove cause and effect
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Fewer than six hours a night linked to higher rate of illness, researchers say
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Odds are highest in the month following the procedure, study finds
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Researchers find a significant need goes unfulfilled
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Study found they lowered blood pressure in patients, were linked to better heart and vessel health
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Researchers eye earlier detection of decline
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If passed, legislation would also reduce levels of fat and sodium, study says
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Report finds many starting at younger ages, so more likely to binge drink
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Make sure they follow safety rules
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Neurologist and Author Dr. Oliver Sacks Dead at 82 Texas Teen Killed by Brain-Eating Amoeba /div
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Watch what you eat before bed
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The tendency to want food may be ‘hard-wired’ into the brain of overweight people (Source: Thinkstock Images)
The tendency to want food may be ‘hard-wired’ into the brain of overweight people, says a new study that supports the theory that brain mechanisms underlying obesity may be similar to those in substance addiction. (Also read: You will probably smell things better if you are obese)
The researchers found that food craving activates different brain networks between obese and normal weight patients.
“There is an ongoing controversy over whether obesity can be called a ‘food addiction’, but in fact there is very little research which shows whether or not this might be true,” said lead researcher Oren Contreras-Rodriguez from University of Granada in Spain. (Also read: Coffee has nothing to do with Obesity)
“The findings in our study support the idea that the reward processing following food stimuli in obesity is associated with neural changes similar to those found in substance addiction,” Contreras-Rodriguez noted.
The study looked for the functional connectivity differences in brain reward systems of normal-weight and obese individuals.
The researchers gave buffet-style food to 39 obese and 42 normal-weight individuals.
Later, they were put into functional MRI brain scanners and shown photographs of the food to stimulate food craving.
The functional MRI scans showed that food craving was associated with different brain connectivity, depending on whether the participant was normal-weight or overweight.
They found that unlike in normal weight people, in obese individuals, the stimulus from food craving was associated with a greater connectivity between the dorsal caudate and the somatosensory cortex, implicated in reward-based habits and the coding of the energetic value of foods, respectively.
The researchers then measured body mass index (BMI) three months afterwards and found that 11 percent of the weight gain in the obese individuals could be predicted by the presence of the increased connectivity between these two areas of the brain.
The findings were presented at the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology’s annual meeting in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
It’s best that you treat a scar while it’s relatively new with natural herbs (Source: HomeVeda)
When acne breakouts penetrate the skin deeply, they damage the skin and the tissue beneath it. As the acne clears, the body tries to repair this damage. During the healing process, the body produces collagen — a substance that regenerates the skin. If the body doesn’t produce the amount of collagen required for the regeneration, you will see a scar develop. (Also read: A glass of turmeric milk can help cure your child’s cold)
It’s best that you treat a scar while it’s relatively new with natural herbs. We need to keep in mind that acne scars take time to go and hence, daily treatment and patience is very important when it comes to acne scar treatment naturally. Here is how some natural ingredients can help in acne scar treatment.
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Aloe Vera
Scar healing is a fundamental response to tissue injury that results from acne. Aloe gel helps to reduce acne scars by promoting skin regeneration. Though till date no scientific study is available for what constituents of Aloe Vera that helps in acne scar healing, ayurvedic experts have suggested glucomannan present in aloe vera accelerates wound healing. Aloe Vera increases the collagen content of the tissue, thereby helping in acne scar healing. Some studies also suggest that anthraquinone present in aloe enhances skin’s essential nutrients and boosts cell development and restoration.
Almond Oil
Almond oil contains high level of fatty acids which are easily absorbed by the cells of the skin. Fatty acids serve as a natural emollient for the skin, and can help the skin lock in moisture by forming a protective barrier. The moisture in the oil is then utilised by the tissues to repair damaged cells and give the skin a more youthful appearance. Further, the fatty acids in almond oil actually help dissolve the sebum that your skin produces, creating cleaner skin and pores, and helping to get rid of acne scars.
Lemon Juice
Lemon juice contains – Hydroxy acids (AHAs). AHAs are well known for their exfoliating properties. The exfoliation process removes dead skin and supports growth of new skin cells, depleting the appearance of acne scars. In addition to exfoliation, the skin is lightened and brightened further reducing the appearance of dirty and dark spots on the skin. Lemon is also an excellent source of Vitamin C, an important component for collagen formation which helps in tissue repair and thereby aids in removing acne scars.
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Swine flu symptoms: Cough, fever, sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, body aches, headache, chills, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea
From 2009 onwards we have been increasingly seeing media reports on swine flu (H1N1). Swine flu is contagious. Influenza viruses infect the cells lining your nose, throat and lungs. It spreads in the same way as the seasonal flu. The virus spreads when you touch an infected surface or breathe cough and sneeze droplets in the air. People who have swine flu can be contagious one day before they have any symptoms, and as many as 7 days after they get sick.
Cough, fever, sore throat, stuffy or runny nose, body aches, headache, chills, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea are some of its symptoms. Young children, pregnant women, and older adults are more likely to develop complications. Swine flu can lead to more serious complications, including pneumonia and respiratory failure. And it can make conditions like diabetes or asthma worse. It can also lead to neurological conditions ranging from confusion to seizures.
The author in conversation with Dr Sujeet K Rajan – MD (Chest) Bom. (D.E.T.R.D, D.N.B. Respiratory Medicine) – Consultant Chest-Physician and Specialist in Sleep-Disorders, Mumbai India.
Is H1N1 a truly new phenomenon or it is just that we are aware of it now? How does it spread?
Virus has been there for sometime but we are getting to know because of awareness and media attention. Thankfully mortality rate has decreased from last year, it was 25% in 2014 while earlier this year it was reduced to 7%, early diagnosis and better treatment at the specialist level – and general awareness, early start of the treatment are responsible to bring down the mortality. The trouble is that sometimes the General Physicians fail to diagnose it
The answer to your question about how it spreads, any flu is an airborne disease, and the virus enters through your respiratory system. H1N1 influenza virus can spread from one person to another through small droplets of saliva that are expelled into the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can also be passed through contact with objects the infected person has touched, such as a door handle or other surfaces. One must wash hands with soap after returning home from outside.
Why do you feel that the General Physicians fail to treat H1N1 patients?
With huge crowd in their clinics which can be overwhelming, they sometimes fail to take the patient’s complete history – and when they notice the symptoms of flu all they advise is to go home, hydrate and rest (with some symptomatic treatment like fever reducing agents). The General Physicians are also wary of ‘flu’ patients in their clinic (because ‘flu’ is highly contagious) so the patients are disposed off quickly. I would like to advise all the General Practitioners to ask if their flu patient has diabetes, or he/she is immune-compromised*, or she is pregnant. They must pay special attention to elderly (above 65).
Other risk-groups are small children and obese individuals. If such people get flu and if that is H1N1 they are at a greater risk to fall ill, very ill and the flu can also prove fatal.
General Practitioners must ask them to do a CBC* count to find out if the illness is of viral or bacterial origin and treat accordingly, with antibiotics or antiviral.
If the test is non equivocal (confusing), the General Practitioner must depend on his clinical judgment and start the treatment without delay.
Note – Immuno-compromised individuals mean people whose immune system is not functioning as it should, hence they can sometimes be prone to more serious infections and/or complications than healthy people. This can happen due to genetic defects, infections such as HIV, and certain cancers, chronic diseases like kidney disease, diabetes and liver disease. Medications such as steroids, chemotherapy, radiation and immunosuppressant medicines given to transplant patients (so that they do not reject the organ) reduce our immune responses. Physical state such as pregnancy is also one of the reasons that weakens our immune system
The white blood cell differential is often used as part of a complete blood count (CBC) as a general health check. It may be used to help diagnose the cause of a high or low white blood cell (WBC) count, as determined with a CBC
Does this mean that you recommend antiviral medication to all the patients diagnosed with flu?
Sure, I recommend antiviral medications such as oseltamivir or zanamavir to all the patients with flu and especially the high risk patients. It is almost impossible to take swabs from all the patients with flu by all the doctors treating them – and send them for testing for H1N1, because the sheer number of samples will overwhelm the laboratories. It is LIFE-SAVING to treat each case of flu properly and consider each patient of flu as a potential victim of H1N1. It will save many lives we are losing to H1N1. We do recommend antibiotics to people with bacterial infections, similarly we must give antiviral for flu to contain the symptoms and spread of the disease.
How do these medicines act and stop the spread?
Oseltamivir is an oral medication used for treating and preventing flu. Oseltamivir suppresses and decreases the spread of influenza A and B viruses, the viruses responsible for the flu. It does this by blocking the action of neuraminidase, an enzyme produced by the viruses that enables the viruses to spread from infected cells to healthy cells. By preventing the spread of virus from cell to cell, the symptoms and duration of influenza infection are reduced. On average, oseltamivir reduces the duration of symptoms by one and a half days if treatment is started within forty-eight hours of the beginning of symptoms. Zanamivir is an inhaled drug that is used for treating and preventing influenza (flu). The action of zanamivir to stop the spread of influenza from infected cell to healthy cell is same as oseltamivir. By preventing the spread of virus from cell to cell, the symptoms and duration of influenza infection are reduced. On average, zanamivir reduces the duration of symptoms by one day if treatment is started within forty-eight hours after symptoms begin. Both the medicines are very effective in the treatment of H1N1, provided …..
Provided?
Provided the patients start the treatment within 48 hours the symptoms appear. Those 48 hours are most crucial – and for many patients with H1N1 virus, it can be life-saving. As we say – those 48 hours could make all the difference – between life and death.
Let me get this clear, you say that anyone with flu symptoms must start with these medicines? Are they available in our medical shops like painkillers are?
Unfortunately these are schedule drugs and that means one can get them only with a doctor’s prescription – to avoid indiscriminate use. In the UK these are easily available. In India one can get ‘second line anti TB drugs’ more easily than medications for flu. In Mumbai I know of only one medical shop these medicines are kept.
(Source: Wikimedia)
That’s ridiculous, what about rural areas?
Please do not ask me this question, it is very upsetting.
Why so, is the indiscriminate use of these medicine cause resistance? Do these medications have adverse effects on humans?
The resistance of circulating flu viruses (now seen) to these drugs is low, but one never knows what happens in the future. Every medicine has some adverse reactions and so do these medications. Oseltamivir may cause nausea and vomiting. If one has sever skin reaction one must immediately consult the doctor.
Zanamavir, being an inhaler can treat asthma like symptoms. Adverse events may include diarrhoea, nausea, sinusitis, nasal signs and symptoms, bronchitis, cough, headache, dizziness, and ear, nose and throat infections.
But as I say, it is double whammy. The General Practitioners are not aware that antiviral is not a luxury but a life saving necessity. Even antibiotics have sie-effects but we give them to our deserving patients. Why not antiviral? It is the right of every flu patient from urban and rural area to get these, find them easily available in the friendly neighbourhood medical shop.
All this can be prevented if one takes a flu vaccine, right?
With the spurt in swine flu, the Union Health ministry of India has recommended vaccination for healthcare workers. Experts, including doctors and scientists in the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), say vaccination is still not recommended for the “general public”, barring special groups such as children under the age of five, elderly and immune-compromised patients, besides healthcare workers who are handling patients. But I feel that whoever can take the vaccine must take it. Centre of Disease Control (CDC USA) recommends a yearly flu vaccination for anyone above six months. It gives 60 to 80% protection against flu.
Symptoms of Swine Flu (Source: Wikipedia)
Tell us about the vaccine
The injectable vaccine (that also protects us from H1N1) is a “killed virus” vaccine. The vaccine that can be inhaled is also available in a nasal spray form, which is a “live virus” vaccine. As all the other vaccines these work by exposing us to a small dose of the virus, which helps our body to develop immunity to the disease. This vaccine will not treat an active infection that has already developed in the body.
Is it safe? What do you advise, take vaccine and prevent or take medicines when sick?
Becoming infected with H1N1 is much more dangerous to us than receiving the vaccine to protect against it. Most people with H1N1 influenza have recovered, but the virus has killed many. Like any medicine, this vaccine can cause side-effects, but the risk of serious side-effects is extremely low. Remember there are cases of getting ‘flu’ even after vaccination. But the numbers are very few. My advice will always be a yearly vaccination, but it also depends on people’s attitude, some like maintenance management and some ‘crash management’.
For your readers’ information, vaccines are made freely available in some government hospitals for pregnant women – one can always approach a private hospital for a vaccine that will cost about a thousand rupees.
So many ‘cures’ of H1N1 appear on social media, what do you have to say to that?
All I can say is that without scientific evidence, no one should ‘play’ with their and their loved ones’ health.
Expert gives tips on avoiding and dealing with injury
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New study of more than 2,800 people with depression might give clearer clues to state of mind, experts say
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YOU eat healthily Monday to Friday then Saturday comes along and scuppers everything. But get into these six habits and have the best of both worlds…
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Although glutamate is naturally occurring in many foods, it is frequently added as a flavour enhancer.
Despite the popularity of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) in the food industry worldwide, the recent controversy highlights the need to demystify myths around MSG. How safe is MSG?; Is it safe for children to consume?; The permissible levels of use and consumption of MSG?– are some of the key concerns to most consumers.
Although glutamate is naturally occurring in many foods, it is frequently added as a flavour enhancer. Monosodium glutamate, commonly known as aginomotto, is the most widely used food additive valued for its flavour enhancing properties. It is a sodium salt of glutamate.
Glutamate is an amino acid (building block of proteins) that occurs naturally in foods like tomato (246 mg), chedar cheese (182 mg), corn (106 mg), green pea (106 mg), onion (51 mg), cabbage (50 mg), spinach (48 mg), mushroom (42 mg), chicken (22 mg) and breast milk (19 mg).
The body uses glutamic acid as a fine – tuner of brain function, as well as a protein building block and contributes greatly to the characteristic ‘umami- the fifth taste’ of foods. Glutamate is also produced in the body and plays an essential role in human metabolism. The body does not distinguish between natural glutamate from foods and the added ones.
A review of the data from the world’s top scientific sources reveals that MSG is safe for human consumption. Numerous international scientific evaluations undertaken over many years have placed MSG on the GRAS (generally regarded as safe) list of food additives approved by the USFDA, along with many other common food ingredients such as salt, vinegar and baking powder. Under the Indian food laws, MSG is a permitted additive in foods. The European Community’s Scientific Committee for Food confirmed the safety of MSG. The Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation and World Health Organisation also placed MSG in the safe category for food additives.
Given these facts, it is no surprise that MSG is greatly popular among chefs and the food industry across the world.
Another issue that has cropped up in the debate over MSG is whether it is an allergen or not. According to the American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, it is not. The US Food and Drug Administration has found no evidence to suggest any long-term, serious health consequences from the consumption of MSG. However, it is true that some people might be sensitive to MSG, just as to many other foods and food ingredients. Because of any individual sensitivity that may occur, the food labels are required to indicate the presence of MSG. The phrase “contains glutamate” appears on labels of foods containing MSG. There is general consensus in the scientific community that MSG is safe for the adult population. While MSG may be considered safe for children, it may be prudent to limit its intake during pregnancy. Some preliminary scientific studies suggested an association with high doses of MSG and increased risk of obesity and metabolic syndrome. However, more empirical studies are needed to elucidate causal inference. But by no means can MSG be categorised as a toxic, unsafe ingredient. The ongoing confusion about MSG requires us to differentiate and distinguish this from the natural glutamate present in foods.
What is needed is a complete relook on the food safety issues including hygiene, microbial safety, contaminants, adulterants, additives and allergens, rather than bans on individual food items.
Author is a clinical nutritionist and founder of http://ift.tt/1nxugLI and Whole Foods India
Notes of: Dr Deepak Agrawal
Additional Professor, Neurosurgery
Chairman, Computerisation
AIIMS, Delhi
A 35-year-old patient with his right hand in a sling arrived to the clinic complaining of severe pain. With great difficulty, he narrated the incident from six months ago when he had fallen on his right shoulder while riding a motorbike.
As a result of the accident, he had lost all control on his right upper limb (upper extremity), making him unable to move his hand. He was rushed to a nearby hospital where doctors told him he had injured his nerves and had suffered what is technically called a ‘brachial plexus’ injury.
Within a month of the accident, he began experiencing pain in his right hand all the way up to the elbow; by the next week, the pain had become almost unbearable. Several visits to doctors and various measures were attempted but nothing proved successful. Having lost all hopes and under extreme depression, the patient arrived at AIIMS as his last resort.
Initial examination proved that he had lost movement and energy in the entire limb. He clearly had nerve pain (brachial neuralgia).
A surgical procedure called micro-DREZ (microscopic dorsal root entry zone ablation), which had been recently started at AIIMS, was adopted.
The surgery, the duration of which generally lasts two hours, consists giving an incision on the neck in the cervical spinal cord along with the DREZ that kills the pathways to pain. Post surgery, the patient reported no loss of pain, saying he could still not move his limb.
This was very surprising and it felt as if the procedure was a let-down. In such a case, a doctor can only accept the result and see the incident as a learning curve. Only, it wasn’t so much. The next day on rounds, he said that the pain had completely disappeared. In fact, details recalled in hindsight suggested that he was relieved of his pain soon after the surgery but he admitted that he was not yet ready to believe that it indeed had happened.
Micro-DREZ is practiced only at a few centres in India and this case should ramp up its practice. The procedure is simple in itself with the only factor that may act as a limitation being the surgeon’s expertise. Of the 15 patients that this surgical procedure has been conducted upon in the past one year, 14 of them never reported experiencing any pain to date.
As told to Prashant Dixit
A leading cause of heart disease
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No reason to keep females from combat, researchers say
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Mental health expert says some kids get anxious about returning to the classroom, but parents can help
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Voicing concerns, helping with homework may increase child’s fear, study finds
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Only 44 percent of health-care providers said they follow CDC recommendations
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Users should store liquid nicotine where small children can’t find it, researchers say
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High blood pressure, placental problems could be the connection, researchers say
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Only association was seen, and older women shouldn’t take the pill to treat symptoms, experts say
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“Although we cannot infer causality from this study, the findings raise the possibility that antibiotics could raise the risk of Type-2 Diabetes,” said one of the study authors. (Source: Thinkstock Images)
Frequent use of antibiotics might increase your risk of developing Type-2 Diabetes, a new study warns.
Danish researchers have found that people who developed Type-2 Diabetes tended to take more antibiotics in the years leading up to the diagnosis than people who did not have the condition.
“In our research, we found people who have Type-2 Diabetes used significantly more antibiotics up to 15 years prior to diagnosis compared to healthy controls,” said one of the study authors Kristian Hallundbæk Mikkelsen from Gentofte Hospital in Hellerup, Denmark.
“Although we cannot infer causality from this study, the findings raise the possibility that antibiotics could raise the risk of Type-2 Diabetes,” Mikkelsen noted.
Another equally compelling explanation may be that people develop Type-2 Diabetes over the course of years and face a greater risk of infection during that time, he pointed out.
For the study, the researchers tracked antibiotic prescriptions for 170,504 people who had Type-2 Diabetes and for 1.3 million people who did not have Diabetes.
Individuals who used more antibiotics were more likely to be diagnosed with Type-2 diabetes.
A person develops Diabetes, which is characterised by high blood sugar levels, when the individual cannot produce enough of the hormone insulin or insulin does not work properly to clear sugar from the bloodstream.
Past research has shown that antibiotic treatments can alter the bacteria in an individual’s gut and that certain gut bacteria may contribute to the impaired ability to metabolise sugar as seen in people with Diabetes.
This may explain why higher rates of antibiotic use are associated with the development of Type-2 Diabetes, but more research is needed to explain the findings, Mikkelsen said.
The study was published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.
“We found fatty acid deposits in the brains of patients who died from the disease and in mice that were genetically modified to develop Alzheimer’s disease,” said Karl Fernandes, Professor at University of Montreal in Canada.
Abnormal build-up of fat in the brain may cause and accelerate the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, new research has found.
Canadian researchers have discovered accumulations of fat droplets in the brain of patients who died from the disease and have also identified the nature of the fat.
The discovery opens up a new avenue in the search for medication to cure or slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease.
“We found fatty acid deposits in the brains of patients who died from the disease and in mice that were genetically modified to develop Alzheimer’s disease,” said Karl Fernandes, Professor at University of Montreal in Canada.
“Our experiments suggest that these abnormal fat deposits could be a trigger for the disease,” Fernandes pointed out.
Over 47.5 million people worldwide have Alzheimer’s disease or some other type of Dementia, according to the World Health Organisation.
Despite decades of research, the only medications currently available treat the symptoms alone.
In experiments with mice predisposed to develop the disease, the researchers found fat droplets near the stem cells on the inner surface of the brain.
When the researchers examined the brains of nine patients who died from Alzheimer’s disease, they found significantly more fat droplets compared to five healthy brains.
Using an advanced Mass Spectrometry Technique, the researchers identified these fat deposits as Triglycerides enriched with specific fatty acids, which can also be found in animal fats and vegetable oils.
“We discovered that these fatty acids are produced by the brain, that they build up slowly with normal ageing, but that the process is accelerated significantly in the presence of genes that predispose to Alzheimer’s disease,” Karl Fernandes explained.
The study was published in the journal Cell Stem Cell.
